Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPentazocine increases bispectral index without surgical stimulation during nitrous oxide-sevoflurane anesthesia.
Although there have been a large number of reports on the effects of opioids on the bispectral index (BIS) during anesthesia, the effects of pentazocine on the BIS have not been reported. In this study, 60 patients scheduled for elective oral surgery [30 females, 30 males; all American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA PS) category 1] were enrolled in the trials. Maintaining gender parity, we randomly assigned the patients to one of three groups: pentazocine group (0.3 mg/kg; n = 20), fentanyl group (1 μg/kg; n = 20), or saline group (n = 20); these opioids were administered intravenously 15 min after the intubation. ⋯ BIS values significantly increased between 5 and 15 min after the intubation relative to the baseline value in the pentazocine group (P < 0.001), and BIS values in this group were significantly during this time period than those in the fentanyl and saline group (P < 0.001). BIS values were not significantly different between the fentanyl group and saline group. These results indicated that pentazocine, but not fentanyl, under nitrous oxide-sevoflurane anesthesia caused a statistically significant increase in BIS in our patients.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialPerioperative infusion of dexmedetomidine at a high dose reduces postoperative analgesic requirements: a randomized control trial.
We hypothesized that a high dose of dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg/h) could reduce postoperative analgesic requirements of patients. ⋯ Among this small patient cohort, perioperative infusion of dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg/h) resulted in antinociception without severe side effects. These results suggest that this method could be of interest with respect to improving postoperative pain status.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialAmino acid infusions started after development of intraoperative core hypothermia do not affect rewarming but reduce the incidence of postoperative shivering during major abdominal surgery: a randomized trial.
Previous studies have demonstrated that amino acid infusions exert enhanced thermogenic effects during general anesthesia. This study was conducted to investigate whether amino acid infusions started after development of intraoperative core hypothermia can accelerate rewarming. ⋯ Amino acid infusions started after development of intraoperative core hypothermia failed to accelerate rewarming. However, amino acid infusions reduced the incidence of postoperative shivering. Use of amino acid infusions to reduce thermoregulatory vasoconstriction at emergence might contribute to a decrease in the development of postoperative shivering.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialSevoflurane to alleviate pain on propofol injection.
Since the introduction of propofol, several drugs and methods have been used to alleviate the pain on its injection. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of adding sevoflurane 3% during preoxygenation in alleviation of pain on propofol injection. ⋯ The addition of 3% sevoflurane at the time of preoxygenation for 1 min along with routine use of lidocaine-tourniquet completely prevented pain upon propofol injection, whereas sevoflurane by itself provided similar analgesia to premixed lidocaine with propofol.