Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2012
Case ReportsManagement of poor postictal suppression during electroconvulsive therapy with propofol anesthesia: a report of two cases.
There is increasing evidence that a greater degree of postictal suppression (the abruptness and magnitude of the EEG voltage drop at the end of the seizure) may be associated with better clinical response to electroconvulsive therapy. Retrospective studies have shown better postictal suppression when propofol is used for induction rather than the more commonly used methohexital. We report two patients in whom poor postictal suppression was rectified by switching from methohexital to propofol. The clinical significance of this improvement in postictal suppression is unclear, and prospective studies will be needed to clarify any clinical benefits.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialThe effects of magnesium sulfate on neuromuscular blockade by cisatracurium during induction of anesthesia.
During the induction of anesthesia, patients are at risk of aspiration while awaiting full muscle relaxation. Magnesium has been shown to have synergistic effects with neuromuscular blocking drugs. We tested if magnesium, as an adjunct, increases the speed of onset of muscle relaxation, thereby decreasing the risk of aspiration. ⋯ The increased speed of onset of muscle relaxation produced by magnesium is not substantial enough to justify its use in combination with cisatracurium in rapid sequence induction.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparison between lumbar and thoracic epidural morphine for severe isolated blunt chest wall trauma: a randomized open-label trial.
The aim of this randomized, parallel-arm, open-label trial was to compare lumbar versus thoracic epidural morphine for severe isolated blunt chest wall injury as regards the incidence of pulmonary complications and pain control. ⋯ Lumbar and thoracic epidural morphine administered as once-daily injection to patients with severe isolated blunt chest wall trauma were comparable in terms of pain control, incidence of pulmonary complications, and occurrence of epidural morphine-related side effects.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2012
ReviewThe effects of estrogen on various organs: therapeutic approach for sepsis, trauma, and reperfusion injury. Part 2: liver, intestine, spleen, and kidney.
Several clinical studies show a gender dimorphism of immune and organ responsiveness in the susceptibility to and morbidity from shock, trauma, and sepsis. However, there are conflicting reports on the role of gender in outcomes. Animal studies of shock, trauma, and sepsis have confirmed that alterations in immune and organ functions are more markedly depressed in adult males and in ovariectomized and aged females. ⋯ To establish the role of gender in the outcome of these patients, more studies in clinical and experimental settings are required to determine whether gender-specific responses are global across the injuries or are observed in specific injury situations. Studies are also needed to delineate underlying mechanisms responsible for differences between males and females. The findings gained from the experimental studies will help in designing innovative therapeutic approaches for the treatment of sepsis, trauma, and reperfusion injury patients.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 2012
ReviewThe effects of estrogen on various organs: therapeutic approach for sepsis, trauma, and reperfusion injury. Part 1: central nervous system, lung, and heart.
Although several clinical studies show a gender dimorphism of immune and organ responsiveness in the susceptibility to and morbidity from shock, trauma, and sepsis, there are conflicting reports on the role of gender in outcomes. In contrast, results obtained from experimental studies clearly support the suggestion that gender plays a significant role in post-injury pathogenesis. ⋯ In this respect, organ functions and immune responses are depressed in males with sepsis or trauma, whereas they are unchanged or are enhanced in females. This article reviews studies delineating the mechanism by which estrogen regulates cerebral nervous, lung, and heart systems in an experimental model of sepsis, trauma, or reperfusion injury.