Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2013
Dual modulation of the T-cell receptor-activated signal transduction pathway by morphine in human T lymphocytes.
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of morphine on the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), both of which play crucial roles in T-cell activation. ⋯ Morphine enhances ERK signaling, whereas it inhibits NF-κB signaling in activated human T cells. These effects of morphine are unlikely to be mediated by known opioid receptors.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2013
The anesthetic urethane blocks excitatory amino acid responses but not GABA responses in isolated frog spinal cords.
The anesthetic urethane is commonly used in physiological experiments. We tested urethane's actions on GABA receptors on the primary afferents in the spinal cord, which are one of the few areas in the adult central nervous system (CNS) that are depolarized by GABA, and on ligand-gated excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors located on motoneurons. Both receptor types are critically important during anesthetic immobilization. ⋯ Urethane appears to be selective for EAA-, sparing GABA responses at a clinical anesthetic concentration. Only a 10 % reduction of EAA activity seems to be necessary to induce anesthesia.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialEffects of ramosetron and dexamethasone on postoperative nausea, vomiting, pain, and shivering in female patients undergoing thyroid surgery.
Some antiemetics are effective in the treatment of postoperative pain and shivering, as well as for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ramosetron and dexamethasone on PONV, pain, and shivering and to determine the correlations between nausea, pain, and shivering. ⋯ Two antiemetic drugs, ramosetron and dexamethasone, significantly reduced the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and the need for administration of rescue antiemetic drugs. Furthermore, both drugs effectively decreased the severity of pain and shivering. Ramosetron was superior to dexamethasone for reducing nausea, antiemetic consumption, and the severity of nausea, but not for reducing the incidence of shivering. Further studies are required to elucidate the correlations between postoperative nausea, pain, and shivering, as a statistically significant but weak correlation was shown in the present study.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2013
No renal protection from volatile-anesthetic preconditioning in open heart surgery.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of open heart surgery (OHS). Preconditioning with volatile anesthetics is well proven to provide myocardial protection. Renal protection provided by volatile-anesthetic preconditioning has also been investigated; however, it is still controversial at the clinical level. This study aimed to investigate whether preconditioning with volatile anesthetics could mediate renal protection in OHS. ⋯ This study could not demonstrate volatile-anesthetic-mediated renal protection in OHS. Therefore, in practice, pharmacological preconditioning with volatile anesthetics did not seem to be beneficial.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2013
Incidence of and risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting at a Japanese Cancer Center: first large-scale study in Japan.
The first purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting (PONV) 0-48 h after anesthesia at a Japanese cancer center. The second purpose of this study was to collect information on PONV risk factors, independently, in the categories of patient-related, anesthesia-related, and surgery-related factors. ⋯ The incidence of and risk factors for PONV at a Japanese cancer center according to this study are comparable to those reported elsewhere.