Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2013
ReviewHow can we improve mask ventilation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea during anesthesia induction?
Recent evidence suggests the possible development of difficult mask ventilation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Based on our current understanding of the pathophysiology of pharyngeal airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea patients, we conclude that anesthesiologists can decrease respiratory complications during anesthesia induction by conducting careful pre-induction preparations, including body and head positioning and sufficient preoxygenation, and by using the two-hand mask ventilation technique with effective airway maneuvers and appropriate ventilator settings while continuously assessing ventilation status with capnography.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2013
ReviewUltrasound-guided trunk and core blocks in infants and children.
Regional anesthetic techniques for perioperative analgesia in children are being increasingly utilized with the reported advantages of providing superior analgesia, decreasing opioid consumption, and reducing opioid-related adverse effects. The following article reviews the available literature regarding core and trunk blocks in infants and children; specifically, transversus abdominis plane, ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve, rectus sheath, lumbar plexus, and paravertebral and intercostal nerve blockade. ⋯ Additionally, the anatomy and techniques needed for their performance are reviewed. Finally, a summary of the relevant literature in relation to each peripheral nerve block technique is included.