Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialDezocine pretreatment prevents myoclonus induced by etomidate: a randomized, double-blinded controlled trial.
The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of dezocine on the incidence and severity of myoclonus induced by etomidate. Patients (108) were randomly assigned to one of two groups to receive either 0.1 mg kg(-1) of dezocine (n = 54; Group D) or saline (n = 54; Group S) intravenously 1 min before 0.3 mg kg(-1) etomidate was given. ⋯ The incidence and the intensity of myoclonus were significantly lower in Group D (0 %) than in Group S (75.9 %) (P < 0.01), and all patients showed stable cardiovascular profiles. The results suggest that infusion of 0.1 mg kg(-1) dezocine 1 min before etomidate administration is effective for suppressing myoclonus induced by etomidate during induction of general anesthesia without significant side-effects.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyA prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of palonosetron in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting over a 72-h period.
We performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial to assess the efficacy and safety of a single, fixed, intravenous dose of palonosetron (0.075 mg) in the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). ⋯ A single 0.075 mg IV dose of palonosetron effectively increased the CR rates at 24 and 72 h in these moderate-risk patients with established PONV.
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Journal of anesthesia · Feb 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparison of the hemodynamic effects of nitroprusside and remifentanil for controlled hypotension during endoscopic sinus surgery.
Controlled hypotension (CH) is a well-established technique to decrease blood loss and improve surgical visibility. Although nitroprusside and remifentanil have been safely and effectively used for this purpose, the hemodynamic changes that occur during CH are unclear. This study compared the effects of nitroprusside and remifentanil on hemodynamics using a noninvasive cardiac output monitor (Cheetah NICOM(®); Cheetah Medical Inc., Maidenhead, Berkshire, UK) for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). ⋯ Both nitroprusside and remifentanil were effective to induce CH and maintain CI during CH.