Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 2015
Observational StudyA short period of fasting before surgery conserves basal metabolism and suppresses catabolism according to indirect calorimetry performed under general anesthesia.
It is recommended that the period of fasting before elective surgery should be shortened to facilitate a rapid recovery by preventing catabolism. We examined the effects of a short period of fasting on metabolism by performing indirect calorimetry (IC) under general anesthesia. A prospective observational study involving 26 consecutive patients who underwent elective surgery and whose metabolism was evaluated using IC during anesthesia was conducted. ⋯ The REE, VCO2, and RQ of group L (17.7 ± 2.3 kcal/kg/day, 118.5 ± 20.8 ml/min, and 0.71 ± 0.12, respectively) were significantly lower than those of group S (19.7 ± 2.3 kcal/kg/day, 143.6 ± 30.9 ml/min, and 0.81 ± 0.09, respectively) (P < 0.05). In group L, the relationship between REE and BEE was weaker (r(2) = 0.501) and the BEE-REE slope was less steep (REE = 0.419BEE + 509.477) than those seen in group S (r(2) = 0.749 and REE = 1.113BEE - 376.111, respectively). Our findings suggest that a short period of fasting (<8 h) before surgery is more strongly associated with the conservation of basal metabolism.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 2015
µ-Opioid receptor activation by tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol (M1).
Tramadol has been used as an analgesic for several decades. µ-Opioid receptors (µORs) are the major receptors that mediate the analgesic effects of opioids. Although µORs have been thought to be one of the sites of action of tramadol, there has been no report that directly proves whether tramadol is an agonist of μOR or not. In this study, we examined the effects of tramadol and its main active metabolite O-desmethyltramadol (M1), on the function of µORs using Xenopus oocytes expressing cloned human µORs. ⋯ Tramadol and M1 also evoked Cl(-) currents in the oocytes expressing µOR-G(qi5); however, relatively higher concentrations (compared to DMAGO) were necessary to induce such currents. Tramadol and M1 had a direct effect on µORs expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Although the monoamine uptake system and several types of ligand-gated ion channels are thought to be one of the targets for tramadol, tramadol-induced antinociception may be mediated at least in part, by the direct activation of µORs.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 2015
Perioperative management of carinal pneumonectomy: a retrospective review of 13 patients.
Carinal pneumonectomy is a challenging procedure because of the difficulties in surgical technique, intraoperative airway management, and postoperative respiratory and anastomotic complications. However, information regarding the anesthetic and intraoperative respiratory management of this procedure is scarce. This report describes our routine anesthetic and respiratory management strategy in patients undergoing carinal pneumonectomy. ⋯ No patient developed post-thoracotomy acute lung injury or required postoperative reintubation despite poor preoperative respiratory function. The 30-day mortality rate was 0%. Our airway management protocol for carinal pneumonectomy enables positive surgical outcomes.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 2015
Acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs interact with morphine and tramadol analgesia for the treatment of neuropathic pain in rats.
Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen have no proven efficacy against neuropathic pain, they are frequently prescribed for neuropathic pain patients. We examined whether the combination of opioids (tramadol and morphine) with indomethacin or acetaminophen produce favorable effects on neuropathic pain and compared the efficacy for neuropathic pain with that for inflammatory pain. ⋯ The combination of opioids with indomethacin or acetaminophen produced a synergistic analgesic effect both in inflammatory and neuropathic pain with some exceptions. The efficacy of these combinations for neuropathic pain was not different from that for inflammatory pain.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jun 2015
Cannulation needle-induced anterior wall tenting of internal jugular vein causing posterior wall penetration.
Unintentional posterior venous wall penetration during internal jugular vein (IJV) cannulation may cause critical arterial injuries in spite of ultrasound guidance. We aimed to evaluate whether small venous diameter and anterior venous wall tenting by a needle would be associated with posterior venous wall penetration, and to seek factors related to the venous wall tenting. We conducted a retrospective review in patients who underwent IJV cannulation. ⋯ The longer anterior venous tenting would be expected with reducing needle angle (p = 0.004) or increasing anterior venous wall thickness (p = 0.006). In conclusion, small IJV and anterior venous wall tenting lead to posterior venous wall penetration. Anterior venous wall tenting is longer with reducing needle angle, or increasing the anterior venous wall thickness.