Der Schmerz
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Controlled Clinical Trial
[Whole body hyperthermia in pain therapy. A controlled trial on patients with fibromyalgia].
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether mild water-filtered near infrared whole body hyperthermia in patients with fibromyalgia produces a benefit when applied as an addition to a standard multimodal rehabilitation. ⋯ There is evidence that mild water-filtered near infrared whole body hyperthermia is a reasonable complement to multimodal rehabilitation in the treatment of fibromyalgia.
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There are no up to date data from representative samples of the general German population on the prevalence of debilitating pain and of pain diseases available. ⋯ The reports of chronic pain in epidemiological studies do not necessarily imply a suffering (physical, psychological and social impairment) from pain.
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Review Case Reports
[Chronic non-cancer-related pain. Long-term treatment with rapid-release and short-acting opioids in the context of misuse and dependency].
Annually published data show a continual increase in the volume of opioid prescriptions in Germany, thus indicating an intensification of opioid therapy. The majority of opioids are prescribed to treat chronic non-cancer-related pain. ⋯ With reference to four case reports, we discuss and evaluate opioid therapy in relation to medication misuse and the development of drug dependency. Particular emphasis is placed on the administration of rapid-release and short-acting opioid preparations, which we consider to be particularly problematic.
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Paracetamol has become a focus of attention as being unsafe due to hepatic toxicity and market withdrawal or prescription status is presently under discussion in Germany. This drug is, however, effective and safe if notes of caution are applied. In Germany 38 fatal cases of analgesic poisoning were observed in 2010, only 4 of which were due to paracetamol and 16 were caused by diclofenac and ibuprofen. ⋯ This review extensively analyzes the safety record of paracetamol and applies these findings to the treatment of elderly people. Even very elderly patients may be safely treated with this compound, although a dose limit of 3 g/day should be instituted. This renewed discussion was triggered by the uncontrolled availability of paracetamol in the USA but observations from this country should not be generalized and applied to the German situation and objective reasoning should be re-installed.
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Review
[Transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain. Physiology, risk factors and prevention].
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is defined as pain persisting for longer than 3 months postoperatively. The frequency of occurrence ranges from 5 % to 60 % in all types of surgery and 1-3 % of patients with CPSP will suffer from severe pain and pain-related interference with daily activities. The pathological mechanisms which lead to the development of CPSP are complex and have not yet been analyzed. ⋯ Peripheral and central sensitization are the essential mechanisms of the development of pain chronicity in the postoperative period. As treatment of CPSP is demanding it is attempted to prevent central sensitization before CPSP develops. New scientific findings on the development of CPSP, perioperative risk factors and the potential of preventative interventions are discussed.