Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries
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Optimal management of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requires prompt recognition, treatment of the underlying cause and the prevention of secondary injury. Ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) is one of the several iatrogenic factors that can exacerbate lung injury and ARDS. Reduction of VALI by protective low tidal volume ventilation is one of the only interventions with a proven survival benefit in ARDS. ⋯ Prevention of ARDS and VALI by detecting at-risk patients and implementing protective ventilation early is a feasible strategy. Detection of injurious ventilation itself is possible, and potential biological markers of VALI have been investigated. Finally, facilitation of protective ventilation, including techniques such as extracorporeal support, can mitigate VALI.
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Radiation burn can occur with diagnostic or therapeutic use of ionizing radiation. A nonintentional radiation burn is relatively uncommon. ⋯ Because of few unresolved issues in the pathophysiology of deep radiation burn, its management is difficult. To date no specific guidelines are present for the treatment of radiation burn.