European journal of internal medicine
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IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by substantial infiltration of plasma cells with IgG4 in target organs. Lung manifestations predominantly present as inflammatory pseudotumor, interstitial pneumonitis, organizing pneumonia, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. ⋯ The long-term prognosis of IgG4-RLD remains unknown. In this review, we summarized the current diagnostic algorithms and discussed potential biomarkers for future investigation.
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Eur. J. Intern. Med. · Aug 2019
ReviewNew oncologic emergencies: What is there to know about inmunotherapy and its potential side effects?
Over the last decade anticancer treatment has experienced encouraging changes. One of the latest developments is immunotherapy, which is increasingly becoming a mainstay for the treatment of these malignancies. Unlike conventional chemotherapy, immunotherapy enhances anti-tumor immune response by blocking inhibitory immune checkpoints, and allowing our own immune system to fight against the tumor cells, arising as a new and innovative mechanism of action. ⋯ Adverse effects of immunotherapy are most commonly observed in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, lung and endocrine systems. Less common toxicities may include neurological, haematological, cardiac, ocular or rheumatologic involvement. As far as we know, cancer patients are frequently seen in the Emergency Department due to treatment related toxicities, thus there is an increasing necessity to learn about this particular side effect profile given that they entail a different and unique management than that of classic chemotherapy drugs.
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JAK inhibitors are recent treatments. Many publications have appeared in recent years, exposing treatment efficiencies in phases 2 and 3 studies, or their tolerance profile in various rheumatological diseases. We propose here a systematic review of JAK inhibitors, from their mechanism of physiological action up to the estimation of their current risk benefit balance, and their possible future applications. In order to better synthesize the data, we organized this review into 10 essential points. 1- What is the role of JAK/Stat pathway? 2- How can a single signaling pathway regulate as many different signals? 3- What are the commercialized JAK inhibitors and their validated indications in humans today? 4- What is the level of efficiency of JAK inhibitors in inflammatory diseases? 5- What is the delay of efficiency of JAK inhibitors? 6- Where is the place of JAK inhibitors in the therapeutic strategy today? 7- What is the infectious tolerance profile of JAK inhibitors? 8- What is the non-infectious safety profile of JAK inhibitors? 9- What is the cost of JAK inhibitors compared to other DMARDs? 10- What future prospects for JAK inhibitors?