Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialAirway closure in anesthetized infants and children: influence of inspiratory pressures and volumes.
Cyclic opening and closing of lung units during tidal breathing may be an important cause of iatrogenic lung injury. We hypothesized that airway closure is uncommon in children with healthy lungs when inspiratory pressures are kept low, but paradoxically may occur when inspiratory pressures are increased. ⋯ Airway closure within tidal volumes may occur in artificially ventilated healthy children during ventilation with low inspiratory pressure. However, the risk of airway closure and thus opening within the tidal volume increases when the inspiratory pressures are increased.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of mivacurium in children.
In children, onset time and duration of action of mivacurium are shorter than in adults. Some suggest that this is due to differences in plasma cholinesterase (pChe), whereas others indicate that there is no difference. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of mivacurium in phenotypically normal children aged 3-6 and 10-14 years old, respectively. ⋯ Our data indicate that there are no major differences in pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics of mivacurium between young (3-6 years) and older (10-14 years) children.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffect of alkalinization and/or hyaluronidase adjuvancy on a local anesthetic mixture for sub-Tenon's ophthalmic block.
pH adjustment and/or addition of hyaluronidase to local anesthetic drugs decrease the time to onset and prolong the duration of regional anesthetic techniques for ocular surgery. The objective of this study was to investigate whether these factors are effective also in sub-Tenon's block. ⋯ pH adjustment and/or addition of hyaluronidase to a mixture of lignocaine and bupivacaine did not shorten the time to onset of akinesia following sub-Tenon's technique. However, the addition of hyaluronidase was associated with a lower fraction of patients experiencing pain during surgery.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialThe sevoflurane saving capacity of a new anaesthetic agent conserving device compared with a low flow circle system.
An anaesthetic agent conserving device (ACD) has been added to a Bain system to approach the agent-saving capacity of a low flow circle system. ⋯ The expenditure of sevoflurane with a Bain system + ACD was close to that in a circle system with 1.5 l/min fresh gas flow. It is thereby possible to use sevoflurane to all its potential, performing for example rapid alterations in end-tidal concentration using high fresh gas flows by combining a Bain system with an ACD. Although the price is not decided for this not yet commercially available device, a potential for a lower cost exists. Additionally, there will be no concerns of toxic compounds produced in the absorber.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · May 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialImpact of laryngeal mask airway and tracheal tube on pulmonary function during the early postoperative period.
The tracheal tube (TT) produces reversible bronchoconstriction and increases pulmonary airway resistance compared to the laryngeal mask airway (LMA). The possible persistence of this effect in the postoperative period has not been studied. The aim of this study was to compare the early postoperative pulmonary function in healthy patients undergoing minor surgical procedures with the LMA or with the TT. ⋯ This study demonstrates greater early postoperative respiratory restrictive syndrome and lower arterial oxygen saturation following tracheal intubation compared to LMA use in patients without respiratory disease.