Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jul 2011
ReviewKetamine as an analgesic in the pre-hospital setting: a systematic review.
Pain is a common presenting complaint and there is considerable debate regarding the best practice for analgesia in the pre-hospital environment for trauma patients with severe pain. ⋯ Ketamine is a safe and effective analgesic agent. The addition of ketamine as an analgesic agent may improve the management of patients presenting with acute traumatic pain in the pre-hospital setting.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jul 2011
ReviewUltrasonography of the optic nerve in neurocritically ill patients.
The rapid diagnosis of intracranial hypertension is urgently needed for therapeutic reasons in various clinical settings. This can rarely be achieved without invasive procedures such as intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring or neuroimaging. The optic nerve is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and dura mater, which forms the optic nerve sheath (ONS). ⋯ However, no general consensus exists over the upper normal ONSD limit. We performed a review of the literature on the use of the ultrasonography of the optic nerve in the evaluation of patients with suspected intracranial hypertension. The aim of this review is to describe the technique and to assess the validity of this diagnostic method.