Journal of nephrology
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Journal of nephrology · Mar 2010
ReviewEvaluation of glomerular filtration rate and of albuminuria/proteinuria.
Kidney function should be evaluated by procedures including the calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimates and the assessment of albuminuria or proteinuria as creatinine-normalized urinary ratios for albumin or total protein. GFR estimates are an approximation of true GFR, which circumvent the limitations of serum creatinine and creatinine clearance without increasing costs and time of diagnostic work-up. Estimates by Cockcroft-Gault equation tend to be higher than true GFR and estimates by other equations, because this equation predicts creatinine clearance, hence true GFR plus creatinine excretion via tubular secretion. ⋯ The urinary ratio of albumin (or total protein) to creatinine is measurable in untimed spot urine and reflects the urinary excretion rate of albumin (or total protein). Low muscle mass could imply borderline elevation in the ratio merely because of low urinary creatinine. Vice versa, high muscle mass could imply normal ratios even in the presence of high urinary albumin, because of high urinary creatinine due to high creatinine generation.
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Journal of nephrology · Mar 2010
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudySodium bicarbonate in preventing contrast nephropathy in patients at risk for volume overload: a randomized controlled trial.
Sodium bicarbonate has been recently proposed as a prophylactic measure for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). We aimed to compare the efficacy of the combination of sodium bicarbonate with half saline, and half saline alone in preventing CIN in patients having uncontrolled hypertension, compensated severe heart failure or a history of pulmonary edema. ⋯ The combination therapy of sodium bicarbonate plus half saline does not offer additional benefits over hydration with half saline alone in the prevention of CIN.