Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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To investigate the reorganization of the central nervous system provided by resting state-functional MRI (rs-fMRI), graph-theoretical analysis, and a newly developed functional brain network disruption index in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. ⋯ Our study demonstrates that rs-fMRI combined with advanced graph theoretical analysis and disruption indices is able to detect early and subtle functional changes of brain networks in HIV patients.
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Although ophthalmic complaints were mostly mentioned in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), emotional and psychological disturbances are increasingly concerned. We aimed to investigate the brain functional alteration in TAO patients by using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) with the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC) methods. ⋯ Our findings indicated that TAO patients had brain functional alterations in the visual network, executive control network, sensorimotor network, and attention network, which may reflect potential visual and cognitive dysfunctions.
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To compare and characterize metabolic features of high- and low-grade glioma tumors using 68 Ga-PSMA-617 and 18 F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). ⋯ PET/CT with 68 Ga-PSMA-617 and 18 F-FDG may help distinguish between HGG and LGG, and 68 Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT is superior to18 F-FDG in differentiating HGG and LGG.
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Evaluation and treatment of acute ischemic syndromes, in the heart and brain, require vessel visualization by iodinated X-ray contrast agents. However, these contrast agents can induce injury, in both the kidneys and target organs themselves. Sulfobutylether beta cyclodextrin (SBECD) added to iohexol (SBECD-iohexol) (Captisol Enabled-iohexol, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Diego, CA) is currently in clinical trials in cardiovascular procedures, to determine its relative renal safety in high-risk patients. Preclinical studies showed that SBECD-iohexol reduced contrast-induced acute kidney injury in rodent models by blocking apoptosis. The current study was undertaken to determine whether SBECD-iohexol is also cardioprotective, in the male rat ischemia-reperfusion model, compared to iohexol alone. ⋯ The results of this study suggest that SBECD-iohexol is superior to iohexol alone, for both the preservation of cardiomyocyte integrity and preservation of myocardial function in myocardial ischemia.
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As human life expectancy increases, there is an increased prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders and dementia. There are many ongoing research trials for early diagnosis and management of dementia, and neuroimaging is a critical part of such studies. However, conventional neuroimaging often fails to provide enough diagnostic findings in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. ⋯ Also, SWI is a useful sequence to detect the low signal intensity of precentral cortices in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Being familiar with SWI findings in neurodegenerative disorders is critical for an accurate diagnosis. In this paper, the authors review the technical parameters of SWI, physiologic, and pathologic iron deposition in the brain, and the role of SWI in the evaluation of neurodegenerative disorders in daily practice.