International journal of obstetric anesthesia
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It is essential for an obstetric anesthesiologist to be aware of the fetal status before undertaking care of the laboring mother. In the last 20 years electronic fetal monitoring has been the most widely used technique of evaluating the fetus in labor. ⋯ This review presents a summary of the current technology and interpretation of intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring, as well as a discussion of its limitations and some of the developments in this field which may help improve the accuracy of fetal assessment. The new developments in fetal monitoring discussed in this article are computerized assessment of fetal heart tracings, heart rate variability analysis, fetal electrocardiogram waveform analysis, abdominal detection of fetal ECG, fetal scalp oxygen saturation, fetal pH sampling and transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide measurement.
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Int J Obstet Anesth · Jul 1995
Combined spinal epidural anaesthesia: the single space double-barrel technique.
We present our own single-space method for performing combined spinal epidural anaesthesia. A spinal introducer and a Tuohy needle are sited in the same interspace. After insertion of the epidural catheter the introducer is used as a guide for a 25 gauge spinal needle. ⋯ The incidence of side effects (hypotension, nausea and vomiting, itching, post dural puncture headache) was comparable with those of other series. However, a high incidence (26.6%) of paraesthesiae during insertion of the spinal needle was noted. We suggest that this finding may be related to the use of pencil-point needles.
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Int J Obstet Anesth · Jul 1995
Sequential spinal epidural analgesia for pain relief in labour: an audit of 620 parturients.
This investigation was designed to evaluate sequential spinal epidural analgesia with a needle through needle technique for pain relief in labour. The spinal injection was made using a Becton Dickinson 29 gauge Quincke point needle. Bupivacaine 1 mg, sufentanil 5 microg and adrenaline 25 microg (2 ml) were injected intrathecally. ⋯ Of the 620 parturients in the investigation, 500 had a mean dose of 4.3 mg bupivacaine per hour. Hypotension and paresis were of no concern. Patient satisfaction was excellent, 85% of the parturients being very satisfied and 10% satisfied.