Paediatric anaesthesia
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialMagnesium as an adjuvant for caudal analgesia in children.
There is a need for an adjuvant agent of caudal block that prolongs its duration and improves the analgesic efficacy to fasten functional recovery. Magnesium is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist that functions as an analgesic. This study was aimed to evaluate whether magnesium as an adjuvant for caudal block in children can improve postoperative analgesia and functional recovery. ⋯ As an adjuvant for caudal analgesia, 50 mg magnesium provided superior quality of analgesia and faster return of normal functional activity than local anesthetic alone in children.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyA comparative evaluation of analgo-sedative effects of oral dexmedetomidine and ketamine: a triple-blind, randomized study.
Use of sedative agents for difficult to manage children during dental procedures has been indicated for years, but neither the agent nor the route has been found to be ideal. ⋯ Given by oral route, the novel sedative dexmedetomidine provides dose-dependent effective analgo-sedation, comparable to ketamine, with less adverse effects.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialTablet-based Interactive Distraction (TBID) vs oral midazolam to minimize perioperative anxiety in pediatric patients: a noninferiority randomized trial.
Perioperative anxiety is a common and undesirable outcome in pediatric surgical patients. The use of interactive tools to minimize perioperative anxiety is vastly understudied. The main objective of the current investigation was to compare the effects of a tablet-based interactive distraction (TBID) tool to oral midazolam on perioperative anxiety. We hypothesized that the TBID tool was not inferior to midazolam to reduce perioperative anxiety. ⋯ A TBID tool reduces perioperative anxiety, emergence delirium, and time-to-discharge and increases parental satisfaction when compared to midazolam in pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory surgery.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2014
Identifying a rapid bolus dose of dexmedetomidine (ED50) with acceptable hemodynamic outcomes in children.
Dexmedetomidine is a highly sensitive, specific α2 adrenoceptor agonist with anxiolytic, sedative, and analgesic effects. Administration is recommended as a loading dose infused over 10 min. Clinical experience and a previous study suggested a shorter time frame might be used without causing adverse hemodynamic effects. ⋯ The ED50 of dexmedetomidine administered over 5 s without significant hemodynamic compromise is 0.49 mcg·kg(-1). Further work is needed to determine the 'safe' (ED5 or less) and effective dose for desired perioperative clinical outcomes.