American journal of ophthalmology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of preservative-free bupivacaine vs. lidocaine for intracameral anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial and in vitro analysis.
To determine whether intracameral bupivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% is as effective as lidocaine hydrochloride 1.0% in controlling discomfort of patients during phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. In rabbits, corneal endothelial cell function, ultrastructure, and viability were evaluated after in vitro perfusion of bupivacaine 0.5%. ⋯ Clinically, bupivacaine 0.5% is as effective as lidocaine 1.0% for anesthesia during phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. However, in vitro perfusion of bupivacaine 0.5% damaged the corneal endothelium of rabbits except when the drug was diluted 1:1 with glutathione bicarbonate Ringer solution. Surgeons who use 0.2 to 0.5 ml of intracameral bupivacaine 0.5% should be aware of its potential to cause endothelial cell damage because of its lipid solubility. The bupivacaine 0.5% should be diluted at least 1:1 with balanced salt solution before intracameral injection, followed immediately by phacoemulsification. The surgeon should ensure that the bupivacaine 0.5% is nonpreserved and packaged in single-use vials or flip-top containers.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Analgesic efficacy and safety of nonpreserved ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution following radial keratotomy. Ketorolac Radial Keratotomy Study Group.
To compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of nonpreserved ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% with those of its vehicle in the treatment of postsurgical ocular pain following radial keratotomy. ⋯ Nonpreserved ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% ophthalmic solution was significantly more effective than, and as safe as, vehicle in the treatment of postoperative pain associated with radial keratotomy. Therefore, topical ketorolac may be a valuable treatment option for the maintenance of patient comfort following refractive surgery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Cardiovascular effects of topical carteolol hydrochloride and timolol maleate in patients with ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma. Night Study Group.
To compare the effects of topical timolol maleate 0.5% and carteolol hydrochloride 1% on pulse rate and blood pressure. ⋯ Timolol causes significantly lower mean heart rate during the nighttime and more nocturnal bradycardia than carteolol does in patients with ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma. These differences may be because of the intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of carteolol.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparative study of the effects of timolol and latanoprost on blood flow velocity of the retrobulbar vessels.
To examine the effects of topical timolol and latanoprost on retrobulbar vessel blood velocity in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. ⋯ Topical timolol and latanoprost significantly reduced the intraocular pressure in ocular hypertensive and glaucoma patients without creating substantial hemodynamic changes in the retrobulbar vessels.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Response of Bitot's spots to a single oral 100,000- or 200,000-IU dose of vitamin A.
A randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted in Indonesia to study the response of Bitot's spots to a 100,000-IU dose of vitamin A, which is known to be associated with fewer acute side effects than the currently recommended 200,000-IU dose. ⋯ Although either a 100,000- or 200,000-IU dose of vitamin A is similarly effective in healing Bitot's spots, a 200,000-IU dose provides longer protection. This benefit justifies the higher rates of transient mild side effects associated with the 200,000-IU dose. The current 200,000-IU dose of vitamin A recommended by the World Health Organization for prophylactic dosing should not be reduced.