American journal of ophthalmology
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To summarize the current concepts and recent literature regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, imaging modalities, and treatment of acute hydrops in keratoconus. ⋯ Effective management of acute corneal hydrops in keratoconus is based on recognizing and addressing the risk factors, treating the acute event effectively and promptly to reduce the duration of edema and its complications, and, ultimately, successful corneal transplantation with acceptable long-term graft survival rates. Improved in vivo imaging of the cornea during acute hydrops has led to an enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis and ultrastructural changes of the condition, and in turn has resulted in improved management of the disease.
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To review the current knowledge of persistent visual loss after nonocular surgeries under general anesthesia. ⋯ If, when an ophthalmologist is consulted for a patient with perioperative visual loss, an obvious ocular cause is not apparent, urgent neuroimaging should be obtained to rule out intracranial pathology. Anterior and posterior ION should be considered and careful documentation is essential. Currently, the pathogenesis of perioperative ION remains unclear, and preventive and therapeutic measures remain elusive.
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To highlight the four International Curricula of Ophthalmic Education developed by the Task Forces of the International Council of Ophthalmology, published in Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde in November 2006. ⋯ These curricula shifted the traditional apprentice system of education to a curriculum-based training program in which goals, expectations, competencies, and technical training are defined to improve eye care worldwide.
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To review pediatric neuroimaging studies of the head and orbit and the radiation-induced cancer risk associated with computed tomography in light of recent attention to pediatric radioimaging by the US Food and Drug Administration, the National Cancer Institute, pediatricians, and radiologists. ⋯ Information obtained from CT scans of the head and orbit may determine or affect management in the pediatric ophthalmic population. Because of the concern of cancer induced by radiation exposure in children, neuroimaging modalities without radiation exposure, such as magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound, may be considered. However, when CT is indicated, it is reasonable and acceptable to perform CT of the head and orbit while minimizing the radiation exposure, thereby adhering to the "ALARA" (as low as reasonably achievable) policy recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration. Further studies of the actual radiation dose delivered during pediatric CT of the head and orbit and the true incidence of radiation-induced cancers after scans are warranted.
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To describe mechanisms and injury characteristics influencing visual outcomes in eyes with open-globe injuries sustained in terrorist acts. ⋯ In terror-related open-globe injuries, unusual presentations and devastating visual results are common, and OTCS seems to predict visual outcomes.