Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2013
ReviewHypoxic-ischemic injuries: the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Hypoxic ischemic injuries are a very common clinical situation in the pediatric population. This article focuses on the metabolic signature of hypoxic ischemic injuries and metabolic indicators of prognosis.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2013
Adult brain tumors: clinical applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) may be helpful in suggesting tumor histology and tumor grade and may better define tumor extension and the ideal site for biopsy compared with conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. A multifunctional approach with diffusion-weighted imaging, perfusion-weighted imaging, and permeability maps, along with H-MRS, may enhance the accuracy of the diagnosis and characterization of brain tumors and estimation of therapeutic response. Integration of advanced imaging techniques with conventional MR imaging and the clinical history help to improve the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in differentiating tumors and nonneoplastic lesions.
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Neurodegenerative dementias are characterized by elevated myoinositol and decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels. The increase in myoinositol seems to precede decreasing NAA levels in Alzheimer's diseases. ⋯ Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) is sensitive to the pathophysiologic processes associated with the risk of dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Although significant progress has been made in improving the acquisition and analysis techniques in (1)H MRS, translation of these technical developments to clinical practice have not been effective because of the lack of standardization for multisite applications and normative data and an insufficient understanding of the pathologic basis of (1)H MRS metabolite changes.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2013
ReviewProton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: technique for the neuroradiologist.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides information on neuronal and axonal viability, energetics of cellular structures, and status of cellular membranes. Proton MRS appeals to clinicians and scientists because its application in the clinical setting can increase the specificity of MR imaging. The objective of this article is to provide descriptive concepts of the technique and its application in vivo for a variety of patient populations. When appropriately incorporating MRS into the neuroradiologic evaluation, this technique produces relevant information to radiologists and clinicians for their understanding of adult and pediatric neurologically based disease processes.