Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2017
ReviewImaging of the Sella and Parasellar Region in the Pediatric Population.
Masses in the sella and parasellar region comprise about 10% of all pediatric brain tumors but type and frequency differs from those in adults. Imaging is critical for diagnosis and characterization of these lesions. ⋯ The clinical presentation is often characteristic for lesion type and should be considered. This article summarizes the characteristic imaging features of the most frequent pediatric tumors and tumor-mimicking lesions in children in this region.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2017
ReviewAdvanced MR Imaging in Pediatric Brain Tumors, Clinical Applications.
Advanced MR imaging techniques, such as spectroscopy, perfusion, diffusion, and functional imaging, have improved the diagnosis of brain tumors in children and also play an important role in defining surgical as well as therapeutic responses in these patients. In addition to the anatomic or structural information gained with conventional MR imaging sequences, advanced MR imaging techniques also provide physiologic information about tumor morphology, metabolism, and hemodynamics. This article reviews the physiology, techniques, and clinical applications of diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging, MR spectroscopy, perfusion MR imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging, and functional MR imaging in the setting of neuro-oncology.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2017
ReviewTumor and Tumorlike Masses in Pediatric Patients that Involve Multiple Spaces.
There are several tumors and tumorlike masses involving multiple spaces in the pediatric brain. Accurate diagnosis of tumors and distinguishing them from tumorlike masses is an important aspect in the diagnostic workup and plays a key role for management and prognosis. Neuroimaging plays an important role in (1) identification of a brain mass, (2) determining its location, (3) demonstrating involvement of a single space versus multiple spaces, and (4) distinguishing a tumor from tumorlike masses.
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Pediatric brain tumors are the leading cause of death from solid tumors in childhood. The most common posterior fossa tumors in children are medulloblastoma, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma, and brainstem glioma. ⋯ Moreover, information obtained from advanced MR imaging techniques increase diagnostic confidence and help distinguish between different histologic tumor types. Here we discuss the most common posterior fossa tumors in children, including typical imaging findings on CT, cMR imaging, and advanced MR imaging studies.