Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Extraparenchymal lesions of childhood include neoplastic and nonneoplastic entities. Lesions affecting children are different from the most common entities affecting adults. ⋯ MR imaging is the examination of choice for the evaluation of extraparenchymal lesions given greater sensitivity and anatomic detail. Syndromic associations should be considered, especially for unusual lesions in the pediatric age group such as meningioma and schwannoma.
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Brain tumors can develop in the prenatal and neonatal time periods. Neuroimaging studies are crucial for the early detection of prenatal and neonatal brain tumors. Imaging allows for characterization of morphology, as well as the detection of hydrocephalus, local invasion, and distant spread. The imaging features of the more common neonatal brain tumors, including teratomas, choroid plexus tumors, ATRTs, and neoplasm mimics are described.
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A review of pediatric pineal region tumors is provided with emphasis on advanced imaging techniques. The 3 major categories of pineal region tumors include germ cell tumors, pineal parenchymal tumors, and tumors arising from adjacent structures such as tectal astrocytomas. The clinical presentation, biochemical markers, and imaging of these types of tumors are reviewed.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2017
ReviewTumor and Tumorlike Masses in Pediatric Patients that Involve Multiple Spaces.
There are several tumors and tumorlike masses involving multiple spaces in the pediatric brain. Accurate diagnosis of tumors and distinguishing them from tumorlike masses is an important aspect in the diagnostic workup and plays a key role for management and prognosis. Neuroimaging plays an important role in (1) identification of a brain mass, (2) determining its location, (3) demonstrating involvement of a single space versus multiple spaces, and (4) distinguishing a tumor from tumorlike masses.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2017
ReviewAdvanced MR Imaging in Pediatric Brain Tumors, Clinical Applications.
Advanced MR imaging techniques, such as spectroscopy, perfusion, diffusion, and functional imaging, have improved the diagnosis of brain tumors in children and also play an important role in defining surgical as well as therapeutic responses in these patients. In addition to the anatomic or structural information gained with conventional MR imaging sequences, advanced MR imaging techniques also provide physiologic information about tumor morphology, metabolism, and hemodynamics. This article reviews the physiology, techniques, and clinical applications of diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging, MR spectroscopy, perfusion MR imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging, and functional MR imaging in the setting of neuro-oncology.