Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 are crucial for development and differentiation of various cells in the body. They are also essential for regulating metabolism in nearly all tissues. ⋯ The thyroid can take up radioactive iodine just like it would take iodine and hence can be used to evaluate and treat several thyroid diseases. Radioactive iodine is one of the first radioisotopes to be used in medicine.
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Surgical intervention remains the mainstay of treatment of hyperparathyroidism and provides the highest chance at cure. After the disease is confirmed by biochemical testing, surgeons must use a combination of patient clinical history and radiographic imaging to determine the most appropriate surgical strategy. Through either minimally invasive parathyroidectomy or bilateral cervical exploration, surgeons provide high rates of cure for hyperparathyroidism with low rates of persistence or recurrence.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2021
ReviewImaging of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Thyroid Cancer: Ultrasound and Computed Tomography.
Sonographic evaluation of cervical lymph nodes in patients with thyroid malignancy is important both for preoperative staging and for post-treatment surveillance, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography plays a complementary role. Knowledge of anatomy and surgical approaches, combined with an understanding of the various imaging features that distinguish malignant from benign lymph nodes, allows for accurate staging, thereby enabling complete surgical initial resection.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2021
ReviewPreoperative Molecular Testing of Thyroid Nodules: Current Concepts.
Robust molecular testing is commercially available for adjuvant assessment of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. Testing has been developed and optimized for fine needle aspiration biopsy collections of thyroid nodules typically under ultrasound evaluation. These assays use a combination of gene expression and/or DNA and RNA assessments for molecular alterations to stratify indeterminate thyroid nodules as benign with risk level similar to benign cytologic read or suspicious with increased risk of malignancy. Guidelines for when to consider adjuvant molecular testing will be discussed.