Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2022
ReviewImaging of Facial Reconstruction and Face Transplantation.
Pre- and postoperative imaging is increasingly used in plastic and reconstructive surgery for the evaluation of bony and soft tissue anatomy. Imaging plays an important role in preoperative planning. In the postoperative setting, imaging is used for the assessment of surgical positioning, bone healing and fusion, and for the assessment of early or delayed surgical complications. This article will focus on imaging performed for surgical reconstruction of the face, including orthognathic surgery, facial feminization procedures for gender dysphoria, and face transplantation.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2022
ReviewNI-RADS to Predict Residual or Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
American College of Radiology NI-RADS is a surveillance imaging template used to predict residual or recurrent tumor in the setting of head and neck cancer. The lexicon and imaging template provides a framework to standardize the interpretations and communications with referring physicians and provides linked management recommendations, which add value in patient care. Studies have shown reasonable interreader agreement and excellent discriminatory power among the different NI-RADS categories. This article reviews the literature associated with NI-RADS and serves as a practical guide for radiologists interested in using the NI-RADS surveillance template at their institution, highlighting frequently encountered pearls and pitfalls.
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In order for a radiologist to create reports that are meaningful to facial reconstructive surgeons, an understanding of the principles that guide surgical management and the hardware employed is imperative. This article is intended to promote efficient and salient reporting by illustrating surgical approaches and rationale. Hardware selection can be inferred and a defined set of potential complications anticipated when assessing the adequacy of surgical reconstruction on postoperative computed tomography for midface, internal orbital, and mandible fractures.
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Posttreatment imaging evaluation of sinuses encompasses a wide gamut of procedures, ranging from endoscopic procedures for sinonasal inflammatory diseases to markedly radical surgeries for malignant neoplasms (with or without reconstructions), as well as providing access for surgeries involving the anterior and central skull base. Advances in both techniques and devices have expanded the use of endoscopic approaches in managing both benign and malignant lesions, in addition to being the primary surgical method for treating all medically refractive sinonasal inflammatory disorders. Familiarity with the complex anatomy in the sinonasal region and knowledge of the various procedures is indispensable in interpreting these imaging studies.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2022
ReviewLymph Node Dissection: Principles and Postoperative Imaging.
The management of neck nodes in head and neck cancer is critical, given a markedly increased poor prognosis in patients with nodal metastasis. The surgical management of neck nodes has undergone radical changes secondary to a paradigm shift from curative surgery to nonsurgical organ and function-preserving options, such as radiation therapy. In the neck after treatment, radiologists should be familiar with imaging findings in various types of neck dissections and post-chemoradiation changes, along with signs of residual or recurrent disease. A multidisciplinary approach is essential with well-designed evidence-based surveillance imaging protocols and standardized reporting.