Neuroimaging clinics of North America
-
Intracranial arterial aneurysms in children are rare. They differ from adult aneurysms in their etiology, natural history, and management approach. ⋯ Endovascular treatment has become the primary interventional modality in children with intracranial aneurysms. The authors discuss the management approach to pediatric intracranial aneurysms.
-
Arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in children has a high mortality and life-long disability rate in surviving patients. Diagnostic delays are longer and risk factors are different compared with AIS in the adult population. ⋯ New revascularization time windows in children require the definition of diagnostic protocols for stroke in each referral center. In this article, we discuss the neuroimaging techniques and protocols, describe the main underlying causes, and review the current treatment options for pediatric and perinatal AIS.
-
Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2024
ReviewPediatric Spinal Vascular Abnormalities: Overview, Diagnosis, and Management.
Hemangioblastomas are true benign vascular neoplasms arising from pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells that give rise to vascular endothelial cells and are most commonly found in the cerebellum, spinal cord, brainstem, and retina. These tumors may be isolated sporadic lesions or may be associated with hereditary genetic factors in the case of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome. Spinal cord haemangioblastomas constitute 1.1% to 2.4% of all central nervous system tumors105, with the majority being single tumors that present in the fourth decade of life 106. ⋯ The prevalence of spinal cord hemangioblastomas in children is increased among those with VHL syndrome. The thoracic cord is the most common site for spinal cord hemangioblastomas, followed by the cervical cord. Although these tumors are benign, they cause disabling symptoms due to spinal cord compression, syringomyelia, or hemorrhage from the tumor itself or from aneurysms that form on tumor-feeding arteries or intra-tumoral vessels.
-
Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2024
ReviewSpecial Considerations for Cross-Sectional Imaging in the Child with Neurovascular Disease.
Pediatric neurovascular diseases are a complex group of disorders associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Given their heterogeneous clinical manifestations, ranging from emergent presentations (eg, acute neurologic deficits) to chronic neurocognitive or developmental issues, cross-sectional imaging modalities play a key role in accurate diagnosis and direct further management. However, imaging pediatric patients is associated with logistical and technical issues. This article provides an overview of the cross-sectional findings of common pediatric neurovascular diseases and discusses the imaging techniques used for their diagnosis.