Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2024
ReviewOptic Nerve Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.
Optic neuritis is a common feature in multiple sclerosis and in 2 other autoimmune demyelinating disorders such as aquaporin-4 IgG antibody-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Although serologic testing is critical for differentiating these different autoimmune-mediated disorders, MR imaging, which is the preferred imaging modality for assessing the optic nerve, can provide valuable information, suggesting a specific diagnosis and guiding the appropriate serologic testing.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2024
ReviewCognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis: Past, Present, and Future.
Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) is common and can have negative effects on quality of life. The clinical presentation can be more subtle and insidious. ⋯ Recent evidence supports that relapses affect cognition in a similar pattern to other physical relapse symptoms and may be the only symptom of a relapse. Regular screening using validated tests for PwMS will improve the care provided and quality of life of PwMS.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2024
ReviewDiagnostic Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G-associated Disease.
The diagnostic workup of multiple sclerosis (MS) has evolved considerably. The 2017 revision of the McDonald criteria shows high sensitivity and accuracy in predicting clinically definite MS in patients with a typical clinically isolated syndrome and allows an earlier MS diagnosis. ⋯ New MR imaging markers may improve diagnostic specificity for these conditions, thus reducing the risk of misdiagnosis. This study summarizes the most recent updates regarding the application of MR imaging for the diagnosis of MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD.