Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2018
ReviewDefinition of Traumatic Brain Injury, Neurosurgery, Trauma Orthopedics, Neuroimaging, Psychology, and Psychiatry in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts the normal function of the brain. This condition can adversely affect a person's quality of life with cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and physical symptoms that limit interpersonal, social, and occupational functioning. ⋯ Patients with TBI require prompt evaluation and multidisciplinary management. Aside from the type and severity of the TBI, recovery is influenced by individual patient characteristics, social and environmental factors, and access to medical and rehabilitation services.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2018
ReviewSusceptibility-Weighted Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Concussion.
Although susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) studies have suggested an increased number of microhemorrhages in concussion, most show no significant differences compared with controls. There have been mixed results on using SWI to predict neurologic outcomes. ⋯ Applications in individual patients are impeded by conflicting data and lack of consensus on an optimal protocol. Therefore, currently MRS has most utility in group-level comparisons designed to reveal the pathophysiology of concussion.
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Resting-state functional connectivity is the synchronization of brain regions with each another. Alterations are suggestive of neurologic or psychological disorders. This article discusses methods and approaches used to describe resting-state brain connectivity and the results in neurotypical and diseased brains.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2017
ReviewApplication of Resting State Functional MR Imaging to Presurgical Mapping: Language Mapping.
Resting state functional MR imaging (rs-fMR imaging) has become an indispensable tool for examining brain function. The greatest opportunity to translate rs-fMR imaging from the research domain into clinical use is as a tool for examining intrinsic brain networks for preoperative planning. Many studies have demonstrated concordance of intrinsic motor networks from rs-fMR imaging data with task-fMR imaging and direct cortical stimulation. Earlier reports show concordance of language networks as well, although more recent studies with larger numbers of subjects demonstrate subject-level variability that needs to be further investigated and addressed before widespread implementation of rs-fMR imaging for preoperative planning.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2017
ReviewResting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Presurgical Functional Mapping: Sensorimotor Localization.
This article compares resting-state functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging with task fMR imaging for presurgical functional mapping of the sensorimotor (SM) region. Before tumor resection, 38 patients were scanned using both methods. ⋯ A paired t-test showed higher overlap between resting-state maps and anatomic references compared with task activation when using a maximal overlap criterion. Resting state-derived maps are more comprehensive than those derived from task fMR imaging.