Anaesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Lumbar epidurography with multi-orifice and single orifice epidural catheters.
The spread of iohexol in the epidural space was studied using two types of epidural catheter. Twenty pre-menopausal women undergoing hysterectomy received lumbar epidural analgesia via either multi-orifice or single orifice catheters. ⋯ Sacral spread of dye was only observed when a single orifice catheter was used. Epidural catheter design affects the distribution of solutions in the epidural space, with single orifice epidural catheters producing more even distribution of dye with sacral extension.
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Letter Case Reports
A case of intra-operative awareness during balanced anaesthesia with sufentanil.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Midazolam co-induction and laryngeal mask insertion.
We have studied the effect of alfentanil and midazolam+alfentanil on the conditions for laryngeal mask airway insertion in patients receiving propofol for induction of anaesthesia. Ninety unpremedicated. ⋯ Further boluses of propofol (0.25 mg.kg-1 every 15 s) were given if the initial dose was inadequate for induction of anaesthesia. Patients in the midazolam+alfentanil group required less propofol (p < 0.001), had better mouth opening (p < 0.001) and fewer undesired responses to laryngeal mask airway insertion (p < 0.001) than the other two groups.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Lignocaine to aid the insertion of the laryngeal mask airway with thiopentone. A comparison between topical and intravenous administration.
Conditions for insertion of a laryngeal mask airway in 90 unpremedicated adult were patients were assessed in a randomised, single-blinded trial. Each patient received fentanyl 1 microgram.kg-1 and thiopentone 5 mg.kg-1, and this was preceded either by lignocaine 0.5 mg.kg-1 intravenously (group 1), lignocaine 1.5 mg.kg-1 intravenously (group 2) or 40 mg of topical lignocaine spray to the posterior pharyngeal wall (group 3). Conditions for laryngeal mask airway insertion were recorded. ⋯ Overall, the conditions for laryngeal mask airway insertion were better in the topical group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in haemodynamic response and apnoea between the three groups. Topical lignocaine spray prior to thiopentone provides conditions for insertion of a laryngeal mask that are superior to those provided by lignocaine and thiopentone intravenously.