Anaesthesia
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Comment Letter Case Reports
Peri-orbital bruising as a complication of taping eyes.
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Comment Letter Comparative Study
Comparison of 0.75% levobupivacaine with 0.75% racemic bupivacaine for peribulbar anaesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Prevention of tracheal aspiration using the pressure-limited tracheal tube cuff.
A new design of tracheal tube cuff, the pressure-limited cuff, used with a constant-pressure inflation system, was compared with a high-volume low-pressure cuffed tracheal tube for leakage of dye placed in the subglottic space into the trachea. Patients requiring ventilation on the intensive care unit were randomly allocated into two groups, one for each type of cuff, and blue food dye was instilled daily via a fine catheter above the cuff into the subglottic space. ⋯ Dye leaked into the trachea in seven (87%) of the high-volume low-pressure group compared with none (0%) of the pressure-limited cuff group (p < 0.01). This study demonstrates that the pressure-limited cuffed tracheal tube, in combination with a constant-pressure inflation device, prevents leakage of fluid into the lungs that occurs with high-volume low-pressure cuffs in the critically ill, intubated patient.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
The reinforced laryngeal mask in paediatric outpatient dental surgery.
One hundred and twenty ASA I and II grade children aged 2-9 years scheduled for outpatient dental extractions under general anaesthesia were studied. They were allocated randomly to one of three groups for airway management: group R had anaesthesia with a reinforced laryngeal mask airway, group L with a standard laryngeal mask airway and group N with a nasal mask. Anaesthesia was induced in all children using halothane in 50% nitrous oxide with oxygen and maintained on halothane in 67% nitrous oxide with oxygen. ⋯ On comparing the reinforced laryngeal mask airway with the nasal mask, there were significantly fewer episodes of airway obstruction, better oxygen saturation, less increase in heart rate and fewer arrhythmias in the reinforced laryngeal mask airway group. Total time for the procedures was the same for all three groups. Thus, the reinforced laryngeal mask airway was found to be a favourable alternative to the standard laryngeal mask airway and nasal mask for paediatric outpatient dental extractions.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Low-dose bupivacaine: a comparison of hypobaric and near isobaric solutions for arthroscopic surgery of the knee.
The results of studies on the effect of volume, concentration or total dose of local anaesthetic on the spread of spinal anaesthesia are inconclusive. Most support the assumption that the total dosage is more important than the volume. We compared low-dose bupivacaine (6 mg) in 0.5% and 0.18% solutions as sole anaesthetic to achieve predominantly unilateral spinal anaesthesia for knee arthroscopy. ⋯ No significant changes were found in the spread or duration of sensory or motor block (p > 0.05). The haemodynamic changes were also similar between the groups. The same pinprick level of analgesia, degree of motor block and duration of spinal anaesthesia was obtained with bupivacaine (6 mg) in low (1.2 ml) or high (3.4 ml) volumes.