Anaesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A randomised crossover comparison of mouth-to-face-shield ventilation and mouth-to-pocket-mask ventilation by surf lifeguards in a manikin.
Thirty surf lifeguards (mean (SD) age: 25.1 (4.8) years; 21 male, 9 female) were randomly assigned to perform 2 × 3 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a manikin using mouth-to-face-shield ventilation (AMBU LifeKey) and mouth-to-pocket-mask ventilation (Laerdal Pocket Mask). Interruptions in chest compressions, effective ventilation (visible chest rise) ratio, tidal volume and inspiratory time were recorded. Interruptions in chest compressions per cycle were increased with mouth-to-face-shield ventilation (mean (SD) 8.6 (1.7) s) compared with mouth-to-pocket-mask ventilation (6.9 (1.2) s, p < 0.0001). ⋯ Tidal volume was lower using mouth-to-face-shield ventilation (mean (SD) 0.36 (0.20) l) compared with mouth-to-pocket-mask ventilation (0.45 (0.20) l, p = 0.006). No differences in inspiratory times were observed between mouth-to-face-shield ventilation and mouth-to-pocket-mask ventilation. In conclusion, mouth-to-face-shield ventilation increases interruptions in chest compressions, reduces the proportion of effective ventilations and decreases delivered tidal volumes compared with mouth-to-pocket-mask ventilation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effects of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory mediators after cardiopulmonary bypass.
Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with the development of a systemic inflammatory response that can often lead to dysfunction of major organs. We hypothesised that the highly selective α2-adrenergic agonist, dexmedetomidine, attenuates the systemic inflammatory response. Forty-two patients were randomly assigned to receive dexmedetomidine or saline after aortic cross-clamping). ⋯ In the dexmedetomidine group, the levels increased significantly only during cardiopulmonary bypass (4.0 (1.9) ng ml(-1) baseline vs. 10.8 (2.7) ng ml(-1) ) but not after (7.4 (3.8) ng ml(-1) ). Dexmedetomidine infusion also suppressed the rise in mean (SD) interleukin-6 levels after cardiopulmonary bypass (a rise of 124.5 (72.0) pg ml(-1) vs. 65.3 (30.9) pg ml(-1)). These suppressive effects of dexmedetomidine might be due to the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B activation and suggest that intra-operative dexmedetomidine may beneficially inhibit inflammatory responses associated with ischaemia-reperfusion injury during cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effects of a displayed cognitive aid on non-technical skills in a simulated 'can't intubate, can't oxygenate' crisis.
The use of a cognitive aid improves the performance of non-technical skills during simulated 'can't intubate, can't oxygenate' crisis.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A prospective randomised controlled trial of the LMA Supreme vs cuffed tracheal tube as the airway device during percutaneous tracheostomy.
We studied the performance of the LMA Supreme against a cuffed tracheal tube, our standard method of airway control during percutaneous tracheostomy, in 50 consecutive patients from three general critical care units. The primary outcome measure was adequacy of ventilation calculated as the difference in arterial carbon dioxide tension before and after tracheostomy. ⋯ Eight patients out of 25 (32%) crossed over from the LMA Supreme group to the tracheal tube group before commencement of tracheostomy due to airway or ventilation problems, compared with none out of 25 in the tracheal tube group, p = 0.01, and tracheostomy was postponed in two patients in the LMA Supreme group due to poor oxygenation. There were more clinically important complications in the LMA Supreme group compared with the tracheal tube group.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A randomised comparison of free-handed vs air-Q™ assisted fibreoptic-guided tracheal intubation in children < 2 years of age.
We prospectively compared free-handed and air-Q™ assisted fibreoptic-guided tracheal intubation in children < 2 years of age. Eighty healthy children were enrolled and randomly assigned to a technique (free-handed or air-Q assisted) and operator (trainee or attending). ⋯ The air-Q assisted group required fewer manoeuvres to optimise the laryngeal view (median (IQR [range]) 0 (0-1 [0-2])) than the free-handed group (1 (1-1 [0-3]); p < 0.001). In conclusion, fibreoptic-guided tracheal intubation times were similar with and without the use of the air-Q, but supraglottic airway devices may be a consideration for their other practical advantages.