American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Sep 2014
Blockade of the Programmed Death-1 Pathway Restores Sarcoidosis CD4+ T Cells Proliferative Capacity.
Effective therapeutic interventions for chronic, idiopathic lung diseases remain elusive. Normalized T-cell function is an important contributor to spontaneous resolution of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Up-regulation of inhibitor receptors, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, are important inhibitors of T-cell function. ⋯ Analogous to the effects in other chronic lung diseases, these findings demonstrate that the PD-1 pathway is an important contributor to sarcoidosis CD4(+) T-cell proliferative capacity and clinical outcome. Blockade of the PD-1 pathway may be a viable therapeutic target to optimize clinical outcomes.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Sep 2014
Is Previous Respiratory Disease a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer?
Previous respiratory diseases have been associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Respiratory conditions often co-occur and few studies have investigated multiple conditions simultaneously. ⋯ Findings from this large international case-control consortium indicate that after accounting for co-occurring respiratory diseases, chronic bronchitis and emphysema continue to have a positive association with lung cancer.