American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2015
Active and Passive Smoking and the Incidence of Asthma in the Black Women's Health Study.
Evidence linking active or passive smoking to the incidence of adult-onset asthma is inconsistent with both positive and inverse associations being reported. Most previous studies of active smoking have not accounted for passive smoke exposure, which may have introduced bias. ⋯ In this large population with 16 years of follow-up, active smoking increased the incidence of adult-onset asthma, and passive smoke exposure increased the risk among nonsmokers. Continued efforts to reduce exposure to tobacco smoke may have a beneficial effect on the incidence of adult-onset asthma.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2015
Clinical TrialExhaled Biomarkers and Gene Expression at Preschool Age Improve Asthma Prediction at Age Six.
A reliable asthma diagnosis is difficult in wheezing preschool children. ⋯ Adding information on exhaled VOCs and possibly expression of inflammation genes to the API significantly improves an accurate asthma diagnosis in preschool children. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrial.gov (NCT 00422747).
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2015
Inflammation, Metabolic Dysregulation and Pulmonary Function Among Obese Asthmatic Urban Adolescents.
Insulin resistance and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are associated with pulmonary morbidity, including asthma, but the underlying mechanisms are not well elucidated. ⋯ Th1 polarization and monocyte activation among obese subjects with asthma correlates with metabolic abnormalities. Association of monocyte activation with pulmonary function is mediated by body mass index, whereas that of Th1 polarization is mediated by insulin resistance.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2015
The Impact of the Organization of High Dependency Care on Acute Hospital Mortality and Patient Flow for Critically Ill Patients.
Little is known about the utility of provision of high-dependency care (HDC) that is in a geographically separate location from a primary intensive care unit (ICU). ⋯ Availability of HDC in a geographically separate unit does not impact acute hospital mortality. The potential benefit of decreasing delays in discharge should be weighed against the increased total duration of critical care and greater likelihood of a transfer out of the primary unit at night.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2015
Diabetes-Related Mortality in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis: Role of Genotype and Gender.
Diabetes is associated with increased mortality in cystic fibrosis. Aggressive screening and early institution of insulin treatment significantly reduced this risk over the period of 1992-2008. ⋯ Despite substantial improvement over time, mortality for CFRD patients greater than 30 years remains higher than for patients with CF without diabetes.