American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2015
Multicenter StudyThe Association Between ARDS, Delirium, and In-hospital Mortality in ICU Patients.
Both acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and intensive care unit (ICU) delirium are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, the risk of delirium and its impact on mortality in ARDS patients is unknown. ⋯ Our findings suggest that ARDS is associated with a greater risk for ICU delirium than mechanical ventilation alone, and that the association between ARDS and in-hospital mortality is weakened after adjusting for delirium and coma. Future studies are needed to determine if prevention and reduction of delirium in ARDS patients can improve outcomes.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2015
New Risk Factors for Adult Onset Incident Asthma: A Nested Case Control Study of Host Antioxidant Defense.
Host antioxidant defense, consisting of enzymatic antioxidant activity and nonenzymatic antioxidant micronutrients, is implicated in asthma pathogenesis. Studies of antioxidant defense and adult incident asthma have either used measures of antioxidants estimated from questionnaires or not considered enzymatic aspects of host defense. ⋯ In this prospective study, α-tocopherol, within normal reference ranges, and PAF-AH enzymatic activity were associated with decreased asthma development. These modifiable risk factors may be an effective strategy to test for primary asthma prevention.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2015
Comparative StudyDisparities in Pulmonary Function in Healthy Children Across the Indian Urban-Rural Continuum.
Marked socioeconomic health-care disparities are recognized in India, but lung health inequalities between urban and rural children have not been studied. ⋯ The presence of an urban-rural continuum of lung function within a specific ethnic group emphasizes the impact of environmental factors on lung growth in emerging nations such as India, which must be taken into account when developing ethnic-specific reference values or designing studies to optimize lung health.