American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Apr 2016
Sex Differences in Airway Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
After adjustment for the amount of smoking, women have a 50% increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with men. The anatomic basis and/or mechanism(s) of these sex-related differences in COPD are unknown. ⋯ The excess risk of small airway disease in female mice after chronic smoke exposure was associated with increased oxidative stress and TGF-β1 signaling and also was related to the effects of female sex hormones. Estrogen receptor antagonism might be of value in reducing oxidative stress in female smokers.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Apr 2016
Bone Marrow-derived Cells Contribute to Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive lung disease of the pulmonary microvasculature. Studies suggest that bone marrow (BM)-derived circulating cells may play an important role in its pathogenesis. ⋯ Our data show that BM cells played a key role in PAH pathogenesis and that the transplanted BM cells were able to drive the lung phenotype in a myeloablative transplant model. Furthermore, the specific cell types involved were derived from hematopoietic stem cells and exhibit dysfunction long before the development of lung pathology.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Apr 2016
Oxidative Modifications of Protein Tyrosyl Residues are Increased in Plasma of Human Subjects with Interstitial Lung Disease.
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are associated with oxidative stress. Plasma biomarkers that are directly linked to oxidative stress responses in this disease have not been identified. Stable oxidation products of tyrosine residues in proteins may reflect the oxidative microenvironment in the lung or a systemic inflammatory state. ⋯ We demonstrate an increase in oxidized tyrosine moieties within proteins in the circulating plasma of patients with ILD. These data support the potential for development of oxidative stress-related biomarkers in early diagnosis, prognostication, and/or in evaluating responsiveness to emerging therapies for ILD.