American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Apr 2016
Sex Differences in Airway Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
After adjustment for the amount of smoking, women have a 50% increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with men. The anatomic basis and/or mechanism(s) of these sex-related differences in COPD are unknown. ⋯ The excess risk of small airway disease in female mice after chronic smoke exposure was associated with increased oxidative stress and TGF-β1 signaling and also was related to the effects of female sex hormones. Estrogen receptor antagonism might be of value in reducing oxidative stress in female smokers.
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Apr 2016
Bone Marrow-derived Cells Contribute to Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive lung disease of the pulmonary microvasculature. Studies suggest that bone marrow (BM)-derived circulating cells may play an important role in its pathogenesis. ⋯ Our data show that BM cells played a key role in PAH pathogenesis and that the transplanted BM cells were able to drive the lung phenotype in a myeloablative transplant model. Furthermore, the specific cell types involved were derived from hematopoietic stem cells and exhibit dysfunction long before the development of lung pathology.
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Apr 2016
Multicenter Study Observational StudyCentral Sleep Disordered Breathing Predicts Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Older Males.
Although research supports a sleep-disordered breathing and atrial fibrillation association, prospective data examining sleep-disordered breathing predicting incident atrial fibrillation are lacking. ⋯ In older men, central apnea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration predicted increased atrial fibrillation risk, with findings being strongest in older participants in whom overall sleep-disordered breathing also increased atrial fibrillation risk.
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Apr 2016
Multicenter StudyRhinovirus Detection in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children: Value of Host Transcriptome Analysis.
Rhinoviruses (RVs) are a major cause of symptomatic respiratory tract infection in all age groups. However, RVs can frequently be detected in asymptomatic individuals. ⋯ Symptomatic RV infection induced a robust and reproducible transcriptional signature, whereas identification of RV in asymptomatic children was not associated with significant systemic transcriptional immune responses. Transcriptional profiling represents a useful tool to discriminate between active infection and incidental virus detection.
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Apr 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialLung Deflation and Cardiovascular Structure and Function in COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease develop increased cardiovascular morbidity with structural alterations. ⋯ Pharmacologic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has consistent beneficial and plausible effects on cardiac function and pulmonary vasculature that may contribute to favorable effects of inhaled therapies. Future studies should investigate the effect of prolonged lung deflation on intrinsic myocardial function. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01691885).