British journal of anaesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Xenon anaesthesia for patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a prospective randomized controlled pilot trial†.
Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery carries a high risk for haemodynamic instability and perioperative organ injury. Favourable haemodynamic effects and organ-protective properties could render xenon an attractive anaesthetic for OPCAB surgery. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether xenon anaesthesia for OPCAB surgery is non-inferior to sevoflurane anaesthesia with regard to intraoperative vasopressor requirements. ⋯ ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01757106) and EudraCT (2012-002316-12).
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High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive technique that allows a small, well-circumscribed thermal lesion to be generated within a tissue target. Tissue destruction occurs due to direct heating within the lesion and the mechanical effects of acoustic cavitation. HIFU has been used in a broad range of clinical applications, including the treatment of malignancies, uterine fibroids and cardiac arrhythmias. ⋯ The majority of studies conducted investigating the use of HIFU in pain are still at an early stage, although initial results are encouraging. Further research is indicated to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this treatment and to fully establish its efficacy; however, it is likely that HIFU will play a role in pain management in the future. This narrative review provides a synthesis of the recent, salient clinical and basic science research related to this topic and gives a general introduction to the mechanisms by which HIFU exerts its effects.
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Guidelines support the use of a restrictive strategy in blood transfusion management in a variety of clinical settings. However, recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed in the perioperative setting suggest a beneficial effect on survival of a liberal strategy. We aimed to assess the effect of liberal and restrictive blood transfusion strategies on mortality in perioperative and critically ill adult patients through a meta-analysis of RCTs. ⋯ According to randomized published evidence, perioperative adult patients have an improved survival when receiving a liberal blood transfusion strategy.