The British journal of surgery
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Uncertainty exists regarding the clinical relevance of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in breast cancer. ⋯ Breast cancers with high PD-L1 expression are associated with aggressive clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics and are more likely to achieve a pathological complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These breast cancers are, however, associated with worse overall survival outcomes.