The British journal of surgery
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Fetal medicine is a super-specialty enterprise and a technology-driven field. The growth and interest in fetal surgery can be largely attributed to advances in fetal imaging and bespoke instruments for in utero intervention. Previously fatal fetal conditions are now being treated using open surgery, minimally invasive procedures, and percutaneous fetal technologies. ⋯ However, as the specialty of fetal surgery grows, a robust evidence base with long-term follow-up is obligatory for every procedure. This article offers an overview of fetal surgery and antenatal intervention. As more cutting edge therapies come into clinical practice, growing public opinion and medical ethics will play a significant role in the future of this multidisciplinary specialty.
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Uncertainty exists regarding the clinical relevance of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in breast cancer. ⋯ Breast cancers with high PD-L1 expression are associated with aggressive clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics and are more likely to achieve a pathological complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These breast cancers are, however, associated with worse overall survival outcomes.
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Operating room recording, via video, audio and sensor-based recordings, is increasingly common. Yet, surgical data science is a new field without clear guidelines. The purpose of this study is to examine existing published studies of surgical recording modalities to determine which are available for use in the operating room, as a first step towards developing unified standards for this field. ⋯ Effective data collection and utilization in the operating room are imperative for the provision of superior surgical care. The future operating room landscape undoubtedly includes multiple modalities of data collection for a plethora of purposes. This review acts as a foundation for employing operating room data in a way that leads to meaningful benefit for patient care.