Regional anesthesia and pain medicine
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Mar 2016
Review Meta AnalysisLumbar Neuraxial Ultrasound for Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This systematic review examines the evidence for preprocedural neuraxial ultrasound as an adjunct to lumbar spinal and epidural anesthesia in adults. ⋯ We know that neuraxial ultrasound is a useful complement to clinical examination when performing lumbar central neuraxial blocks. It provides anatomical information including the depth of the epidural space, the identity of a given intervertebral level, and the location of the midline and interspinous/interlaminar spaces. This information can be used to successfully guide subsequent needle insertion.Since 2010, new data from RCTs and 1 meta-analysis suggest that neuraxial ultrasound increases the success and reduces the technical difficulty of lumbar central neuraxial blocks. Findings from the meta-analysis suggest that neuraxial ultrasound reduces the risk of traumatic procedures, and thus may possibly contribute to the safety of lumbar central neuraxial blocks.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Mar 2016
Review Case ReportsCombined Fascia Iliaca and Sciatic Nerve Block for Hip Surgery in the Presence of Severe Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Case-Based Literature Review.
Selecting an appropriate anesthetic technique for patients with ankylosing spondylitis undergoing hip surgery is challenging because of a potentially difficult airway, the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory complications, and the technical difficulty of performing central neuraxial blocks in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Our objective was to report a case in which combination neural blockade was used successfully in an elderly patient with ankylosing spondylitis undergoing hip fracture surgery. In addition, a literature review of the anesthetic techniques reported for these patients was conducted. ⋯ According to the literature review, general anesthesia is the most commonly performed anesthetic technique for patients with ankylosing spondylitis undergoing hip surgeries. Special intubation techniques and cautious airway management were very important for these patients. Although both general anesthesia and central neuraxial blockade pose considerable risks to the patients, this case report suggests that combined fascia iliaca block and sciatic nerve block might be a promising option.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Mar 2016
ReviewEvidence for the Use of Ultrasound Imaging in Pediatric Regional Anesthesia: A Systematic Review.
An earlier review to evaluate the quality and outcomes of studies assessing ultrasound imaging in regional anesthesia for the pediatric population considered articles published from 1994 to 2009 and showed some evidence in support of block-related outcomes (block onset, success, duration) and process-related outcomes (performance time, local anesthetic dose, and spread). At that time, strong evidence in the form of randomized controlled trials and well-designed prospective observational studies was limited, leading to a call for additional research. ⋯ Using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, we included in this review studies examining ultrasound imaging for nerve localization in the pediatric population between 2009 and March 2014 (meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, controlled studies without randomization, observational studies, comparative studies, and case series involving at least 10 patients). In the current review, we identified 24 and 13 articles evaluating peripheral nerve blocks and neuraxial anesthesia, respectively.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Mar 2016
ReviewEvidence for the Use of Ultrasound Imaging in Pediatric Regional Anesthesia: A Systematic Review.
An earlier review to evaluate the quality and outcomes of studies assessing ultrasound imaging in regional anesthesia for the pediatric population considered articles published from 1994 to 2009 and showed some evidence in support of block-related outcomes (block onset, success, duration) and process-related outcomes (performance time, local anesthetic dose, and spread). At that time, strong evidence in the form of randomized controlled trials and well-designed prospective observational studies was limited, leading to a call for additional research. ⋯ Using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, we included in this review studies examining ultrasound imaging for nerve localization in the pediatric population between 2009 and March 2014 (meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, controlled studies without randomization, observational studies, comparative studies, and case series involving at least 10 patients). In the current review, we identified 24 and 13 articles evaluating peripheral nerve blocks and neuraxial anesthesia, respectively.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Mar 2016
ReviewUpdate on Ultrasound for Truncal Blocks: A Review of the Evidence.
We summarized the evidence for ultrasound (US) guidance for truncal blocks in 2010 by performing a systematic literature review and rating the strength of evidence for each block using a system developed by the United States Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Since then, numerous studies of US guidance for truncal blocks have been published. ⋯ To provide updated recommendations, we performed another systematic search of the literature to identify studies pertaining to US guidance for the following blocks: paravertebral, intercostal, transversus abdominis plane, rectus sheath, ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric, as well as the Pecs, quadratus lumborum, and transversalis fascia blocks. We rated the methodologic quality of each of the identified studies and then graded the strength of evidence supporting the use of US for each block based on the number and quality of available studies for that block.