World Neurosurg
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Comparative Study Biography Historical Article
Santiago Ramón y Cajal and Harvey Cushing: two forefathers of neuroscience and neurosurgery.
To summarize the extraordinary accomplishments, and the commonalities, between Santiago Ramon y Cajal and Harvey Williams Cushing. ⋯ Ramón y Cajal and Cushing are widely considered the forefathers of neuroscience and neurosurgery, respectively, and their discoveries have made lasting impressions on both the scientific and medical communities.
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Review Meta Analysis
Vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses in the literature.
Cerebral vasospasm is a major source of morbidity and mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A variety of therapies have been utilized to prevent or treat vasospasm. Despite the large number of clinical trials, few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of sufficient quality have been published. We review the RCTs and meta-analyses in the literature regarding the treatment and prevention of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal SAH. ⋯ There are many possible successful treatment options for preventing vasospasm, delayed ischemic neurologic deficits, and poor neurologic outcome following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage; however, further multicenter RCTs need to be performed to determine if there is a significant benefit from their use. Nimodipine is the only treatment that provided a significant benefit across multiple studies.
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Review
Man, mind, and machine: the past and future of virtual reality simulation in neurologic surgery.
To review virtual reality in neurosurgery, including the history of simulation and virtual reality and some of the current implementations; to examine some of the technical challenges involved; and to propose a potential paradigm for the development of virtual reality in neurosurgery going forward. ⋯ With ongoing technical advancements in computer hardware and graphic and physical rendering, incremental or modular development of a fully immersive, multipurpose virtual reality neurosurgical simulator is feasible. The use of virtual reality in neurosurgery is predicted to change the nature of neurosurgical education, and to play an increased role in surgical rehearsal and the continuing education and credentialing of surgical practitioners.
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Little is known about socioeconomic differences in postoperative outcomes after neurosurgery. We assessed the relation between insurance status and postoperative complication risk, neurosurgical intensive care unit stay, and hospital stay after neurosurgery. ⋯ Our findings suggest important socioeconomic disparities in outcomes after neurosurgical intervention. Access to postoperative outpatient care may mediate our findings.