British medical bulletin
-
British medical bulletin · Dec 2019
ReviewLiver abscess: diagnostic and management issues found in the low resource setting.
Liver abscesses are mainly caused by parasitic or bacterial infection and are an important cause of hospitalization in low-middle income countries (LMIC). The pathophysiology of abscesses is different depending on the etiology and requires different strategies for diagnosis and management. This paper discusses pathophysiology and epidemiology, the current diagnostic approach and its limitations and management of liver abscess in low resource settings. ⋯ The lack of a quick and reliable diagnostic strategy in the majority of LMIC makes selection of appropriate treatment challenging.
-
British medical bulletin · Dec 2019
ReviewBiomechanical issues of tissue-engineered constructs for articular cartilage regeneration: in vitro and in vivo approaches.
Given the limited regenerative capacity of injured articular cartilage, the absence of suitable therapeutic options has encouraged tissue-engineering approaches for its regeneration or replacement. ⋯ A multi-layer design and a zonal organization of the constructs may lead to achieve cartilage regeneration.
-
British medical bulletin · Dec 2019
Tendon healing in presence of chronic low-level inflammation: a systematic review.
Tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal condition affecting subjects regardless of their activity level. Multiple inflammatory molecules found in ex vivo samples of human tendons are related to the initiation or progression of tendinopathy. Their role in tendon healing is the subject of this review. ⋯ We require further studies with improved designs to effectively evaluate the pathogenesis and progression of tendinopathy to identify cellular and molecular targets to improve outcomes.
-
British medical bulletin · Dec 2019
ReviewAvian influenza viruses in humans: lessons from past outbreaks.
Human infections with avian influenza viruses (AIV) represent a persistent public health threat. The principal risk factor governing human infection with AIV is from direct contact with infected poultry and is primarily observed in Asia and Egypt where live-bird markets are common. ⋯ Sustained virus surveillance and collection of ecological and physiological parameters from birds in different environments is required to better understand influenza virus ecology and identify risk factors for human infection.
-
British medical bulletin · Dec 2019
ReviewThe temporal effect of intra-articular ozone injections on pain in knee osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a most common orthopaedic condition, often complicated by inflammatory features. ⋯ The lack of a clear protocol of use is a major limitation, and to date there is no clear evidence of long-term efficacy.