Gac Med Mex
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Chromosomal abnormalities are present in 50 to 60% of miscarriages and in 6 to 19% of stillbirths. Although microarrays are preferred for studying chromosomal abnormalities, many hospitals cannot offer this methodology. ⋯ Karyotyping with simultaneous short tandem repeat study to rule out contamination of maternal cells is effective for studying miscarriages; in stillbirths, microarrays are recommended.
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The proportion of older people living with HIV (PLWH) has increased. Non-communicable diseases occur earlier in PLWH than in the general population. ⋯ A high prevalence of multimorbidity and poor screening of bone disease and mental health is reported in patients with PLWH and cancer. A holistic approach to the PLWH in the Infectious Diseases consultation is needed to improve the detection and management of non-communicable diseases, to go beyond viral suppression and towards an improved quality of life.
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The WHO presented the initiative: "Global elimination of congenital syphilis (CS): rationale and strategies for action". It establishes that CS is a preventable disease that can be eliminated. ⋯ The classification of MOP identifies gaps in CS prevention and can guide stakeholders, policy makers and public health prevention programs to reduce the incidence of CS.
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Age and HIV are synergistic risk factors for conditions such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Yet, it is unclear whether older persons with HIV (OPWH) display different cognitive profiles for HAND. ⋯ There are different cognitive profiles among OAWH with HAND. These differences may be due to individual patterns of HIV-related and non-HIV-related factors.
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The objective of this issue is a theoretical approach to the disadvantages involved in taking the certification exams of medical specializations through serial case reports and analyzing them with the Classical Test Theory (TCT). The certification exams of medical specializations correspond to criterial summative exams with high consequences. ⋯ The violation of the fundamental assumptions of the TCT in the tests constructed through serial case reports can lead to biases or misinterpretations of the results. Due to the above, it is advisable to use other psychometric models for the analysis of this type of test, or to avoid the use of serial case reports in the certification exams of medical specialties.