Niger J Clin Pract
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Infections with Staphylococcus aureus cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Resistant strains of S. aureus to commonly used antibiotics are being increasingly encountered in clinical practice, necessitating the need to determine the resistance pattern in Nigeria. ⋯ Staphylococcus aureus rates of resistance are high and call for urgent action such as antibiotic stewardship programmes and periodic surveillance to enhance clinical outcomes. While targeted therapy is preferred, options for empiric treatment include chloramphenicol, clindamycin, linezolid or vancomycin.
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Dysglycemia (hyper- or hypoglycemia) is frequently seen in acutely ill children and may be associated with poor outcome. ⋯ Dysglycemia, particularly hyperglycemia, was significantly associated with increased mortality in acutely ill children. We recommend routine bedside glucose estimation for all acutely ill children at admission to the emergency unit, to detect dysglycemia, treat hypoglycemia promptly, monitor closely, and treat aggressively the underlying conditions in children with hyperglycemia to prevent attendant high mortality.
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There is a strong relationship between arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. How arterial stiffness is affected in elevated PRL conditions is uncertain. Biological action of prolactin contributing to the atherosclerotic process is a new research area. ⋯ Our study showed that arterial stiffness did not increase in young patients with idiopathic mild hyperprolactinemia. However, the long-term effects of mildly elevated prolactin levels are unknown. Prospective randomized studies are required, that could reveal more clearly the prolactin-cardiovascular risk relation, and the clinical effects of extra-pituitary hyperprolactinemia.
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Diabetes and periodontitis are two chronic inflammatory diseases sharing specific etiopathogenetic mechanisms, and both cause severe inflammation and destruction. ⋯ qRT-PCR results concluded that healthy gingival samples had higher PPAR-γ, RXR, VDR, and NF-κB expressions, and immunohistochemistry findings supported the results. In addition, healthy gingiva contained higher fibroblast cells and lower inflammatory cells.
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Antibiotic use in research volunteers partaking in dental studies varies widely, as inclusion and exclusion criteria used in participant selection lack strict rules. ⋯ When selecting healthy participants for oral histology trials, at least 3 months should pass after the final dose of amoxicillin is taken to avoid negative effects on gingival tissue and smear samples.