Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology
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Bupropion is a unique monocyclic antidepressant that has been known to cause seizures in high therapeutic doses and in acute overdoses. Death due to ingestion, however, is a rare occurrence. ⋯ Bupropion overdose may lead to recurrent seizures, hypoxia and death. Aggressive management of severe bupropion overdose is recommended.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1997
Experimental studies of methemoglobinemia due to percutaneous absorption of sodium nitrite.
Methemoglobin formation caused by a liniment solution containing sodium nitrite (30 g/L and 140 g/L) was studied in rats with normal or abraded skin, by measuring the methemoglobin concentration before and after application of liniment solutions with differing nitrite concentration. ⋯ Each of these findings are characteristic of nitrite and they imply the percutaneous absorption of nitrite. Regardless of the nitrite concentration, the methemoglobin concentration was consistently higher in abraded skin than in normal skin.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1997
Case ReportsPlacental transfer of N-acetylcysteine following human maternal acetaminophen toxicity.
To determine whether the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning, N-acetylcysteine, administered to pregnant women with acetaminophen toxicity, crosses the placenta and can be measured in the newborn circulation following delivery. ⋯ This is the first study documenting placental transfer of N-acetylcysteine in humans and provides impetus for research establishing a direct antidotal effect of N-acetylcysteine in the fetus.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
Multicenter StudyPredictors of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide exposure in smoke inhalation patients.
A prospective study of civilian (nonfirefighter) smoke inhalation patients was carried out to test the hypotheses that: 1) absorption of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide from smoke can be predicted by clinical examination and historical data; and, more specifically 2) a history of exposure to burning synthetic polymers is an important predictor of systemic cyanide levels. ⋯ SCORE was the strongest predictor of both carboxyhemoglobin and cyanide levels; LAGTIME also explained significant variance for [log-transformed] carboxyhemoglobin. Historical factors, such as FIRETYPE, MATERIAL, and SMOKING status, did not explain significant variance in most of the statistical models employed.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1996
ReviewBenefits of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for hydrocarbon pneumonitis.
To review the therapeutic benefits of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the management of hydrocarbon pneumonitis. ⋯ The need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is rare owing to the generally good outcome of most cases of hydrocarbon ingestions and pneumonitis. Only with further research on the nature and clinical course of severe hydrocarbon pneumonitis, refinement of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation criteria, and evaluation of alternative therapies, will the benefits of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation be better defined.