Przegla̧d lekarski
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Fever in infants and children frequently causes considerable concern for parents and physicians. It is one of the most common reasons that parents seek medical attention for their children, accounting for 1/3 of pediatric office and emergency department visits. ⋯ This article reviews the evaluation and management of children with fever which is the only alarming symptom of infection. A cautious approach should still be taken based on the potential for adverse consequences of unrecognized and untreated serious bacterial infection.
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Despite of the constant progress in the imaging of vessels, cerebral angiography characterises with the best specificity and sensitivity in detection of arterial, arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms. ⋯ Cerebral angiography allowed to exclude vascular pathology in 75% of children, in whom previous neuroradiological examinations suggested such pathology. It was important for their quality of life. In 25% of patients angiography confirmed results of previous neuroradiological tests detecting vascular pathology. MR with contrast medium is more sensitive than angiography in detection of venous angiomas.
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Historical Article
[The history of antitobacco actions in the last 500 years. part. 1. Non-medical actions].
Tobacco was brought to Europe by Christopher Columbus, who discovered it in Cuba in October, 1492. Spread of tobacco consumption was initiated by the French diplomat Jean Nicot de Villemain, who in 1560 recommended it in the form of powdered tobacco leaves to the French Queen Catherine de Medice to combat her migraine headaches, and introduced the term Nicotiana tobaccum. Tobacco consumption greatly rose after the I World War, and after the II World War it became very common, especially among man. ⋯ In this period, especially in the 19th century dominated moral and religious arguments against tobacco. In the 20th century however, and particularly in its second part, development in medical research was enhanced by civil voluntary actions against advertisement and passive smoking. This lead to the significant limitation of tobacco expansion in Europe, USA and Canada in the end of the 20th century.
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The occurrence of the disturbances of oropharyngeal phases of swallowing in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients has been well documented. ⋯ This study reveal the occurrence of disturbances of the oesophageal phase of swallowing in ALS patients with dysphagia.
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Lyme borreliosis is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted into the human body by ticks. The clinical symptoms are associated with skin, joints, heart and nervous system. Four groups of antibiotics are used in Lyme borreliosis treatment: penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines and macrolides. We present the case of Lyme borreliosis with outbreak joint manifestation.