Przegla̧d lekarski
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Comparative Study
[Mental processing in primary headache in children and adolescents].
Headaches in children and adolescents are the most common complaints in neurological practice. More than 90% of those are diagnosed as having migraine or tension-type headache (TTH). Memory disturbances are the most frequently observed symptoms in these patients. Event related potentials ( ERP), especially P300 potential reflect the processes of perception and cognition. The aim of these studies was to answer two questions: whether children and adolescents suffering from headache, especially migraine, show cognitive impairment in headache pain free period in comparison to healthy controls, and secondly what kind of factors can influence it. ⋯ Prolongation of N1 latency and the rise of N1-P2, P2-N2, N2-P3 amplitudes confirm the presence of cognitive disturbances mostly in children and adolescents suffering from migraine.
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Postoperative nausea and vomiting belong to fairly frequent postoperative complications, but they occupy a distant position on the list of complications, which most probably result from a general conviction that they do not pose a direct threat to patients. ⋯ (1) PONV is more frequent in women than in men. The same refers to non-smokers, suffering from migraine headaches, motion sickness, as well as obesity and suffering from PONV earlier. (2) The frequency of postoperative vomiting in the patients with nausea is higher by 65.2% than in the patients without nausea. (3) A clear relation between the frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting occurrence and the type of operative procedure was noticed. It was the strongest in the sick who underwent orthopedic procedures. (4) The correlation between anesthesia induction agents and PONV was not observed.
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In pregancy complicated by cigarette smoking prooxidant-antioxidant imbalance may have a pathomorphological and pathophysiological effect in fetus. Efficient enzymatic antioxidant systems are natural factors protecting cells from damaging by free oxygen species. Therefore the aim of the study was to estimate the effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase in umbilical cord blood of newborns. ⋯ In erythrocytes of newborns from smoking mothers activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly correlated with concentration of cotinine (r = 0.61; p < 0.01). The similar correlation was not observed in red blood cells of non-smoking ones. Our results indicate that tobacco smoking during pregnancy may have a negative effect on enzymatic antioxidant systems in umbilical cord blood.
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Historical Article
[The history of antitobacco actions in the last 500 years. Part. II. Medical actions].
Tobacco was brought to Europe by Christopher Columbus, who discovered it in Cuba in October, 1492. Spread of tobacco consumption was initiated by the French diplomat Jean Nicot de Villemain, who in 1560 recommended it in the form of powdered tobacco leaves to the French Queen Catherine de Medice to combat her migraine headaches, and introduced the term Nicotiana tobaccum. Tobacco consumption greatly rose after the I World War, and after the II World War it became very common, especially among man. ⋯ In this period, especially in the 19th century dominated moral and religious arguments against tobacco. In the 20th century however, and particularly in its second part, development in medical research was enhanced by civil voluntary actions against advertisement and passive smoking. This lead to the significant limitation of tobacco expansion in Europe, USA and Canada in the end of the 20th century.
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Smoking cigarettes adds to risk of anesthesia and surgery, and also may influence anxiety. However, cigarette abstinence may increase preoperative stress. The study aimed at exploring the relationship between smoking and anxiety in gynaecologic patients in the perioperative period, and also finding out whether the abstinence and history of unsuccessful cessation attempts are connected with an anxiety pattern at that time. ⋯ In smokers with the history of smoking cessation attempts, preoperative state anxiety was higher. Between smokers and non-smokers no differences in postoperative pain and no significant relationship with the anxiety could be found, Conclusions: 1) Perioperative anxiety is comparable in both smoking and non-smoking gynaecologic patients. 2) Cigarette abstinence before surgery is not connected with any significant anxiety differences. Smokers with the history of unsuccessful cessation attempts preoperatively present with higher state anxiety.