Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Aug 2007
[Comparison of the bispectral index in awake patients with cerebral palsy].
The EEG-BIS was created after studies in healthy adult subjects, and studies in children were first published in 1998. Cerebral palsy (CP) is secondary to a static lesion of the developing brain. The need to perform exams and surgical procedures to correct deformities, under anesthesia or sedation, is common in these patients. The need for monitoring of the hypnotic state in anesthetized patients has increased; patients with cerebral palsy can be included in this group of patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the awake EEG-BIS in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) by comparing it with patients without neurological disorders (without CP). ⋯ The signals of the EEG are captured normally and the values of the awake EEG-BIS of CP patients are similar to that of non-CP patients.
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The Marshall-Smith Syndrome is a rare disease characterized by facial dysmorphism, accelerated osseous maturation, retarded neuropsychomotor development, and abnormalities of the airways. Patients with this syndrome have a high risk of developing anesthetic complications, especially concerning the maintenance of the airways. There are very few data in the anesthetic literature regarding this syndrome. The objective of this report was to show the difficulties and anesthetic management in a 28-day old child with this syndrome, who underwent surgery for correction of choanal atresia under general anesthesia. ⋯ In cases of anesthetic-surgical emergencies, in which the child does not ventilate and tracheal intubation is not possible, there is desaturation and bradycardia, requiring fast and appropriate decision making to guarantee adequate pulmonary ventilation. These patients need careful evaluation of the airways to identify upper and lower airways obstruction. During anesthesia, spontaneous ventilation should be maintained during induction until control of the airways is possible, avoiding the use of neuromuscular blockers.
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Oxytocin is the uterotonic used in obstetric anesthesia, and its prophylactic and therapeutic administration is justified because it reduces the incidence of post-partum hemorrhage. However, the ideal infusion regimen in elective cesarean sections has not been determined yet. The objective of this study was to review the main physiological and pharmacological characteristics of oxytocin and to discuss its rational use by anesthesiologists in view of its side effects. ⋯ Due to its wide therapeutic spectrum, oxytocin remains the drug of choice to prevent uterine atony after cesarean sections. Although it has been used for almost 50 years, the adequate infusion regimen in cesarean sections has not been determined yet. The current tendency is to use continual infusion of low doses, and bolus administration should be avoided.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Jun 2007
[Low dose isobaric, hyperbaric, or hypobaric bupivacaine for unilateral spinal anesthesia.].
Unilateral spinal anesthesia has its advantages, especially in patients undergoing outpatient basis surgeries. Low dose, slow speed of administration, and the lateral positioning make easier the unilateral distribution in spinal anesthesia. Isobaric, hyperbaric, and hypobaric solutions of bupivacaine were compared in the unilateral spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing outpatient basis orthopedic surgeries. ⋯ Spinal anesthesia with hypobaric and hyperbaric solutions present a higher frequency of unilateral anesthesia. After 20 minutes, isobaric bupivacaine mobilized into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) resulted in unilateral spinal anesthesia in only 28% of the patients.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Jun 2007
[Combined spinal-epidural for labor analgesia: does the addition of sufentanil to the local anesthetic influence apgar scores of the newborns?].
Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) is a very common obstetric technique. However, the literature does not present a standardization regarding the technique, doses, and anesthetics used, besides there is also the controversy about the possibility that the addition of opioids to the local anesthetic causes fetal bradycardia and affects its vitality. The aim of this study was to identify the techniques and anesthetics used in the Anesthesiology Service of the Hospital Universitário of Universidade de São Paulo (USP) and determine whether the use of sufentanil associated with the local anesthetic affects Apgar scores of newborns. ⋯ The use of sufentanil in the combined spinal-epidural did not change Apgar scores of the newborns.