Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Jun 2006
[Importance of pleural pressure for the evaluation of respiratory mechanics].
Pleural pressure has to be known for the partitioning of respiratory system mechanical measurements into their lung and chest wall components. This review aimed at discussing alternative methods to obtain pleural pressure to calculate pulmonary mechanics, at reporting peculiarities of the esophageal balloon method for obtaining indirect pleural pressure, peculiarities of esophageal pressure measurement in sedated or anesthetized patients, at discussing direct pleural pressure and its correlation with esophageal pressure, in addition to reporting on the impact of PEEP on pleural and esophageal pressures. ⋯ The esophageal balloon is the most common method to obtain indirect pleural pressure. In sedated or anesthetized patients without major respiratory compliance changes, esophageal pressure variation corresponds to pleural pressure variation when PEEP is applied.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Jun 2006
[The first to use surgical anesthesia was not a dentist, but the physician Crawford Williamson Long].
The history of the discovery of anesthesia is not totally explained, but it is easy to establish that Crawford Williamson Long was the first to use sulfuric ether to operate several patients with no pain and to perform obstetric procedures. History is a bridge connecting the past to the present and should be studied and understood from its first pillars. So, it is justifiable to recall or get to know who was Long, certainly a name almost unknown for many of us, and which has been his participation in the discovery of anesthesia. ⋯ W.T.G. Morton is often considered the discoverer of general anesthesia, especially for being the first to make a successful public demonstration in a major hospital in Boston (USA). However, it has been proven that Long has been the first to use surgical anesthesia and he is acknowledged in several regions of his country as the father of surgical anesthesia and 'its discoverer'. It is also necessary to revert the fact that Long is almost unknown among us and give him the place he is entitled to in the history of general anesthesia.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Jun 2006
[Ephedrine and etilefrine as vasopressor to correct maternal arterial hypotension during elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Comparative study].
Ephedrine is the most popular vasopressor for obstetrics and etilefrine is widely used in regional anesthesia. This study aimed at comparing ephedrine and etilefrine to correct maternal arterial hypotension during elective Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. ⋯ With the administration method and selected vasopressor doses, there have been no differences between ephedrine and etilefrine used to correct maternal hypotension during Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Jun 2006
[Effects of increasing spinal hyperbaric lidocaine concentrations on spinal cord and meninges: experimental study in dogs].
Lidocaine concentration potentially able to determine nervous tissue injury is still not well established. This study aimed at investigating the effect of increasing spinal lidocaine concentrations in single injection through Quincke needle. ⋯ In this study, spinal lidocaine in concentrations above 7.5% in single injection through Quincke needle has determined histological changes on spinal cord, but not on meninges.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Apr 2006
[The effect of adding subarachnoid clonidine to hyperbaric bupivacaine and sufentanil during labor analgesia.].
Adding subarachnoid clonidine (an alpha -agonist) prolongs the analgesic effect of the combination of sufentanil and isobaric bupivacaine when combined during labor analgesia. The aim of this study was to compare the quality and duration of the analgesia as well as the incidence of side-effects after the addition of subarachnoid clonidine to hyperbaric bupivacaine and sufentanil in a combined spinal-epidural analgesia during labor. ⋯ Under the conditions observed in the study, adding a low dosage of clonidine when combined with a hyperbaric solution does not prolong the duration of the analgesia, does not improve the quality of the action and does not act as the determining factor for the occurence of low blood pressure or sedation.