Otolaryngologia polska. The Polish otolaryngology
-
In the diversity of the flavor world only five basic tastes have been described. The newest one, umami, has been identified about one hundred years ago by Kikunae Ikeda but widely accepted just in the second half of the twentieth century by international scientific world. There are three umami substances: monosodium glutamate (MSG), inosine-5'-monophosphate (IMP), guanylo-5'-monophosphate (GMP). ⋯ They are desirable to improve the quality of diet. Moreover, the association between umami substances and the suppression of obesity has been found. Studies suggest that umami is engaged in metabolism but also increases satiety and reduces the post-ingestive recovery of hunger.
-
The aim of the paper is to present the minimally invasive endoscopic video-assisted surgery for the neck on the basis of current literature. The different techniques include pure endoscopic procedures, open video-assisted approach and mini-access. ⋯ The endoscopic surgery offered a valuable approach for chosen lesions of the neck (solitary parathyroid adenoma, thyroid nodules less then 35 mm, submandibular gland sialolithiasis or tumors). The advantages include lower pain intensity within first hours following surgery, lower analgesia request rate, shorter scar length, higher early cosmetic satisfaction.
-
Review
[Causes, diagnosis and treatment of neurogenic dysphagia as an interdisciplinary clinical problem].
The intricate mechanism of swallowing can be divided into three phases: oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal. Dysphagia is a disruption in the swallowing process, which include difficulty in transporting (or a lack of transporting) a food or liquid bolus from the mouth through the pharynx and esophagus into the stomach. Causes of disruptions in the swallowing process can be divided into superior (oropharyngeal) and inferior (esophageal) according to Paradowski et al. ⋯ The basic principle of dysphagia rehabilitation is that the most effective way to regain efficiency is the regeneration on remains of lost function. Carrying out imperfect swallowing acts is probably the best way of increasing effectiveness and efficiency of swallowing. On the other hand imperfect swallowing acts may be hazardous because of the danger of aspiration and inhalation pneumonia.
-
Generation of strains resistant to antibiotics, its genetic mechanisms and the role of incompetent administration of these drugs are presented in the paper. The resistance is characterised mainly by the generation of extracellular enzymes which cause the breakdown of beta-lactam ring Pathogenic bacteria which cause changes in the respiratory system are discussed. The use of beta-lactam antibiotics with beta-lactam inhibitors is a way to prevent generation of resistant strains, the combination of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid is of particular importance.