Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
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Suboptimal diet quality has a large impact on noncommunicable disease burden. ⋯ This updated systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that high diet quality (assessed by the Healthy Eating Index, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is inversely associated with risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease incidence or mortality, cancer incidence or mortality, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative disease, as well as all-cause mortality and cancer mortality among cancer survivors. Moderate credibility of evidence for identified associations complements the recent 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee report recommending healthy dietary patterns for disease prevention.
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Caribbean Latino adults have disproportionately high prevalence of chronic disease; however, underlying mechanisms are unknown. Unique gut microbiome profiles and relation to dietary quality may underlie health disparities. ⋯ Two unique microbiome profiles, identified by abundance of P copri, were identified among Caribbean Latino adults. Microbiome profiles and SCFA content were associated with diet, T2D, and lifestyle. Further research is needed to determine the role of P copri and SCFA production in the risk for chronic disease and associated lifestyle predictors.
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Calorie labeling is mandated in restaurant chains with ≥20 locations nationwide, but the effect of labeling on the nutritional quality of purchased meals in fast-food settings is unclear, especially for adolescents and children. ⋯ Calorie labeling at McDonald's was associated with a possibly small positive change in the nutritional quality of meals in adults but not in adolescents or children. Efforts are needed to improve the nutritional quality of restaurant meals.
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Computed tomography (CT)-defined sarcopenia is a demonstrated poor prognostic factor in patients with cancer; however, its influence on outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) has not been established. ⋯ CT-defined sarcopenia is independently associated with reduced OS and treatment completion in patients with HNC and holds a clinically meaningful prognostic value. The certainty of the evidence requires strengthening with further research. Understanding the impact sarcopenia has on outcomes for these patients has implications for informing potential nutrition interventions and facilitating individualized care.
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Meta Analysis
Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional digestive condition in the industrialized world. The gut microbiota plays a key role in disease pathogenesis. ⋯ IBS is characterized by gut microbial dysbiosis. Prospective, large-scale studies are needed to delineate how gut microbial profiles can be used to guide targeted therapies in this challenging patient population.