Panminerva medica
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The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) involving in hypertrophy, calcification, and apoptosis of chondrocytes (CHs). In this study, we focused on a p38 inhibitor named Pamapimod (PAM) in the effect of CH hypertrophy degeneration. ⋯ PAM protects CHs hypertrophy by the inhibition of the p38/MEF2C pathway.
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Recently, the FFR-Guidance for Complete Nonculprit Revascularization (FULL REVASC) trial in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with multiple vessel disease (MVD) did not show differences in the composite endpoint of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization than culprit-lesion-only percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at 4.8 years, although complete revascularization is a recommendation IA in current guidelines. We want to determine through an updated meta-analysis whether complete revascularization is associated with decreased mortality and hard clinical endpoints compared to culprit lesion only PCI. ⋯ In patients with STEMI and MVD without cardiogenic shock, our metanalysis showed that complete revascularization with PCI significantly reduced the risk of non-fatal myocardial reinfarction and ischemic-driven revascularization compared to culprit vessel-only revascularization, without differences in overall mortality.
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Since the publication of the recent North American and European guidelines on management of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), new evidence describing the epidemiology, testing and treatment of CDI has emerged. Despite all advances in infection control and antibiotic stewardship, the incidence and burden of CDI in the hospitals and the community remains at a stable high. Coupled with the incidence of primary CDI, there is a stable high incidence of recurrent CDI. ⋯ Experimental fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been available for more than a decade. Owing to the success of FMT, two new non-invasive donor dependent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved therapies have been available since late 2022. This review summarizes all these conundrums regarding CDI and provides clinical pearls to use in day-to-day practice.