Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine
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Purpose of the work was to examine the acoustic and work environment of air forces personnel, to look for the specific effects of aviation noise on human organism, and to put out evidence-based guidelines for protection. On-site acoustics measurements, hygiene inspection of labor conditions and analysis of disease incidence including review of clinical investigations results were carried out. ⋯ The combination of noise and infrasound provokes specific (occupational) and nonspecific diseases. Choice of the protectors should be made with consideration of specifics of the biological effects of aviation noise.
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Aviakosm Ekolog Med · May 2008
[Hygienic analysis of conditions of work at the aircraft repair plants and ways to improve the acoustic situation].
Inspection of the conditions of work at aircraft repair plants showed that employees are impacted by a number of harmful in-plant factors including noise, infrasound, kerosene, microclimate and others. Acoustic conditions correspond to harmful (3.2-3.4) or dangerous (4) classes. The general rating of the conditions of work is determined by the degree of noise harmfulness and danger. To reduce the risk of professional pathologies, employees must use personal means of acoustic protection.
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Aviakosm Ekolog Med · Mar 2009
Comparative Study[Determination of ion content and localization of vasopressin and aquaporin receptors in the gerbil kidney after the flight aboard biosatellite "Foton M3"].
After 12 days on space fight, body mass of gerbils decreased by 32.9%; however, the effective systems of regulation did not let changes in the concentration of Na, K, Mg ions in fresh samples of the renal cortex. These data are viewed as a reflection of the regulation systems strategy to preserve the optimal conditions for functioning of the kidney, a vital body organ. ⋯ This could have changed the osmoregulating function of the kidney during space fight and, due to small cations accumulation, caused the drop of the cortex/medulla osmotic gradient. Locations of V1a-, V1b- and V2-receptors and aquaporin 1 and 2 in renal tubule cells of gerbils before and fight are described.
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Aviakosm Ekolog Med · Jan 1997
[The effect of head-down tilt bed rest on metabolism of erythrocytes and functional state of membranes in females].
Metabolism of erythrocytes and the structural/functional state of membranes were studied in females in the 120-day head-down bed rest and the subsequent period of recovery. As was stated, prolonged bed rest and early recovery cause shifts in the metabolic and structural parameters of erythrocytes and ensuing degradation of the functional state of erythrocytes, i.e. changes in deformability and echinocytosis. The system of countermeasures including exercise and a set of alimentary supplements with polysaturated fat acids and antioxidants, proved to moderate the changes although it failed to fully eliminate them.
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Aviakosm Ekolog Med · Jan 2014
[Investigation into the vestibular protective properties of melatoninergic agents].
Experiments with rats showed that melatonin (2.5 mg/kg) produces a distinct vestibular protective effect excelling promethazine (50 mg/kg) as a reference agent, and also antidepressant agomelatine (5 mg/kg) as another melatoninergic agent. Lusindol, a blocker of MT1/MT2-receptors (2.5 mg/kg), and bicuculline (1.5 mg/kg), a specific GABA-receptors antagonist, weakened the melatonin effect significantly. ⋯ Whole-cell patch clamp in an experiment with convoluted oblongata sections from white nonlinear infant male rats (14-d old) disclosed that melatonin (2 mM) inhibited drastically (29 +/- 3%) the excitatory postsynaptic current caused by depolarization step in neurons of the medial vestibular nucleus. Lusindol (0.1 mM) inhibited the effect of melatonin (2 mM) significantly (71 +/- 6%) which suggests involvement of melatonin MT1/MT2-receptors.